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Wednesday, September 2, 2020
Knowledge, Power, Wisdom, Truth, And The Like Essays - Epistemology
Information, Power, Wisdom, Truth, and such Everybody has heard the expression ?information is power.? Truth be told, it has become a clich? in our way of life. Be that as it may, is this announcement valid? What precisely is the connection among information and force? Are the two autonomous of one another? Or then again would they say they are totally unrelated? Are there times when one must concede to the next, making one of them better than the other? Or then again, maybe, is astuteness a more significant characteristic than information? Beside the issue of information and force is the issue of truth and force. Is there a contrast between something being held as evident and the genuine truth? Is there just a single truth, or are there many repudiating facts? With the goal for something to be valid, must it be acknowledged by people with significant influence? On the other hand, should people with great influence recognize reality so as to stay in power? Nobody knows without a doubt who originally begat the adage ?information is power?, yet one can assume that it was somebody who extraordinarily esteemed training and learning. It can likewise be envisioned that this individual was an understudy of his general surroundings, as he saw that albeit uninformed individuals came into power by bloodline or some other issue, it was canny individuals who might wrest the force away from the oblivious and be bound to hold it. He saw that the relationship among information and force is firmly related. If one somehow happened to attempt to pick up power by taking it from another person, information was a fundamental instrument. The individual endeavoring to pick up power must be proficient of the conditions encompassing that person, and the individual must have the information on the most proficient method to effectively respond to changes in the encompassing world of politics. Intelligence is regularly a basic component engaged with an individual twisting force away from the pioneer. Since astuteness is characterized as being ?insightful, experienced and cunning,? it is clearly incapable without information. When force is gotten, information isn't thrown away. Or maybe, it must be enhanced continually so as to hold the force. It very well may be said that one needn't bother with much information to gangs power, notwithstanding, it is errant to express that one needn't bother with information so as to pick up or hold power. In spite of the fact that the connection among information and force is so firmly entwined, are there conditions in which either information or force must concede to the next? All things considered, a glance back at history fills in as the best manual for this inquiry. From the beginning of time there have been various events in which information has conceded to control. This chiefly happens when the people pulling the strings have a flat out control, as Machiavelli depicts in his book The Prince. For instance, when the Roman Catholic Church managed the known world in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth hundreds of years, they edited and smothered information continually. They had the option to do so in light of the fact that their capacity was comprehensive. They controlled the strict part of the individuals' lives, and they additionally ran each aspect of the nearby governments. Since they controlled everything, they had the ability to ingrain dread into the individuals. Becau se of this healthy force, the individuals had no place to turn for equity. Despite the fact that information has surrendered to control on numerous an event, one would be unable to discover a case of intensity yielding to information. I know I sure made some horrible memories attempting to discover a case of this. At that point it happened to me why I was unable to discover such an event: force will never be enthusiastically surrendered as a result of information; rather, it might be given up to an all the more genuinely unrivaled force. All things considered, in the event that the purpose of intensity is to be in charge, at that point the element in power won't surrender the attractive force except if physical mischief is unavoidable. Thoughts and information are the starting strides in toppling a force, yet these by themselves are rarely enough. This thought of thoughts and information being utilized to get power raises another significant idea. Is information the main thing required, or is it simply the beginning stage? I accept that intelligence is similarly as, if not a higher priority than the genuine information. The word reference
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Living in new country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Living in new nation - Essay Example The subsequent impact is figuring out how to consolidate the new culture into oneââ¬â¢s every day life just as tolerating the new society. It is in this way difficult to fit into another general public as new arrangement of social practices may change a personââ¬â¢s see on different parts of life. This thought can likewise make positive experiences as one will in general find new things (Hã ¼seyin and Hassan, 15). The change helps in mental advancement since it advances self inward and outside revelation. Another life away from home makes a feeling of freedom. The new changes assemble a character in an individual because of the difficulties that the individual experiences during the modification procedure. Be that as it may, the idea of certainty in change encourages an individual to settle rapidly (Ronald and David, 33). Living endlessly from home is a significant encounter as it held in the adjustment of social assorted variety. It secures breaks the home repetitiveness by making new encounters in a domain that is not the same as home (Palffy, 12). Living in another nation advances mental nattering as it cultivates development and self
Friday, August 21, 2020
Riordan Manufacturing Essay Example
Riordan Manufacturing Essay Riordan Manufacturing has creation plants situated in Albany, GA, Pontiac, MI, and their abroad plant in Hangzhouz, China. Every area is liable for various creation lines and stock. The Research and Development office is situated in San Jose, CA, Riordans central station. Riordan Manufacturings Vice President (VP) of Operations has an assistance demand for an execution of a Manufacturing Resource Plan (MRP) among Riordans three plants into one framework. This solicitation will make it simpler to keep up the stock of crude materials and inished items (Apollo Group, Inc. 2013). A MRP will improve the present PC frameworks. The VP of Operations, Mark Neitzel, asked for the framework. The framework incorporates Inventor Oversight, which is broken into two segments: The Inventory PC and the Customer Shipping and Billing. The further breakdown of the framework needs to follow all approaching crude materials, the assembling of item followed result stock, the delivery of all items to custome rs, and the charging of customers. The framework is separated into work processes performed day by day by each plant. Approaching crude materials work process. 1. The Supply truck shows up at Receiving Dock with crude materials 2. The Dock Supervisor looks at transportation records against booked approaching requests 3. When requests are agreed, the getting group empties truck and moves crude materials into the processing plant. 4. Toward the day's end, the Dock Supervisor gives the log of every single got material to the Receiving Clerk. 5. The Receiving Clerk enters the nformation into the Inventory PC: the sort of crude materials, seller, and amount. Assembling/Product stock work process. 1. The Manufacturing Staff finishes stock use structure showing the sort and amount of crude materials utilized for assembling and get together 2. The Inventory Clerk enters the data from the use structure into the PC. 3. In the wake of assembling is finished, producing staff rounds out stock structure. 4. Stock assistant enters the structures data into the PC alongside Bill of Materials (80M). Item transportation work process. Requests from clients show up by telephone, fax, or deals staff and are recorded onto deals request structures. 2. The Sales Orders data from structures are gone into Customer Shipping and Billing System. 3. The Shipping Staff load trucks with items determined by the transportation record created every day by the Customer Shipping and Billing System (Bill of Materials-BOM) (ADempiere, 2011). 4. Stock assistant updates the Sipping Documents into the Inventory PC dependent on the delivery archives. Riordan Manufacturing By makemoves2014 We will compose a custom exposition test on Riordan Manufacturing explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Riordan Manufacturing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Riordan Manufacturing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Make Your Essay Writing Sample Writing Tips Work For You
Make Your Essay Writing Sample Writing Tips Work For YouStudent essay writing samples have been a great help to many students, so much so that students don't believe that they have to buy essay writing samples from the bookstore. The reason for this is simply because they are expensive and with some competition in the market, students cannot afford not to buy it. In fact, most students use the best of the essays they have written or borrowed from others. For them, the best essays come from private tutors and their own writing materials.However, those who are not able to afford to buy these essays may still be able to use essay writing samples to write essays for college admissions tests. In fact, you can even save money by making your own free essays using the essay writing samples available online. There are even websites that will allow you to easily make your own essay for free.You will probably have to do a little research to find a good site that will let you make a free essay f or free. Usually, these sites have samples of the essays that other students have written, or they are very easy to access. They also usually contain some tips and information that can help you avoid common mistakes that all students tend to make, and thus help you become a better writer.The most important tip to remember is that the better you write the essays you will write, the more you will learn about writing. Every student knows that he or she has to improve writing skills to pass the entrance exam, but more often than not, many students think that they don't have to spend much time on it. However, writing better essays can improve your future career prospects.It is true that writing an essay is an important skill to develop for any student, but if you don't know how to write, you should definitely consult a writing teacher. This is because knowing how to write well can help you improve your writing skills in other areas of your life. academic essays If you have already writte n some academic essays in high school or college, you probably never noticed how easy it is to make your essays seem like they are written by someone else. It is very easy to create a template or outline for your essay without realizing it. For example, when you write a small story about your dog or cat, you can copy the outline that you saw in a magazine ad.This is how you can use your essay writing samples to improve your essays. Also, if you have a laptop, you can make use of these essay writing samples to help you write essays that you know you will be able to graduate with honors from college.
Saturday, May 16, 2020
Marketing Plan Nestle - 4875 Words
1. Executive Summary Nestle (Malaysia) Berhad will introduce a new product in Nescafe which known as Nescafe Honey. This product will target to the middle to upper working people who wants to have a warm coffee every morning. Besides, Nescafe Honey is a healthy based product which can helps the target market to stay alert in their work and be confident. Market of industry beverage has been growing for the past five years. We expect that the market will growth each year and will achieve 12% in January 2012. Therefore, we have potential to introduce new product in the market. Our company always maintains positive cash flows every year. Therefore, we estimate that our sales will increase from 7%â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¢ Coffee as a gift box We know that most people like to give chocolate as a present. But why they do not think of coffee? Actually coffee can be a best gift to everyone. â⬠¢ Introduce multi-usage of coffee As we know, coffee is just for drink. If we add some coffee into the recipe of making cake, it makes different flavour in the cake. It will taste nice. For example, in the market has tiramisu cake. 2.1.3 Market Growth [pic] [pic] There is potential for coffee to growth because nowadays there is many coffee-house open in Malaysia. Besides, coffee is the needs to most people in their daily life. This is because coffee helps boost alertness and energy for them. Moreover, many companies are doing research and development to produce more quality products. Due to the marketing activities that the companies do, it may increase the growth of coffee in the coming year. However, the growth of coffee meets some problems. This is because people nowadays care about health-based product such as yogurt. Besides, the increase of raw material may result in high cost of producing coffee. Therefore, consumers will change to other beverages which are cost less. 2.2 SWOT ANALYSIS 2.2.1 Internal Environments Analysis |Strengths of Nestle company |Weaknesses of Nestle Company | |BoardShow MoreRelatedNestle Marketing Plan1453 Words à |à 6 PagesMarketing Plan - Nescafà © Dictado, Louise Lejano, Mark Albert Basa, Carol Belle Magnaye, Angelica Current Marketing Situation Analysis A. Industry Study Nearly a hundred years after it first started operations in the country, Nestlà © Philippines, Inc. (NPI) today is a robust and stable organization, proud of its role in bringing the best food and beverage throughout the stages of the Filipino consumersââ¬â¢ lives. The Company employs more than 3,200 men and women all over the country. It is now amongRead MoreMarketing Plan of Nestle9279 Words à |à 38 PagesExecutive Summary Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. While strategy is the action plan to do something and hence, Marketing Strategy is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a viable fit between the organizationââ¬â¢s objectives, skills and resources and its changing market opportunities. The aim of marketing strategy is toRead MoreMarketing Plan of Nestle2665 Words à |à 11 Pagesand these competitors are in reality very strong. They range from small local corner shop retailer to big giants like Pamp;G, Kraft and Nestle. These competitors almost provide equally attractive products and services and sometimes better. These competitors have the power to attract and influence the customers by more attractive substitute, prices and marketing techniques. Threat of Substitution : Continuous research and development in the consumer and household products has brought about a revolutionRead MoreEssay on Nestle Crunch Marketing Plan1086 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Nestle Crunch Marketing Plan Sweethelda MK 715- Marketing Management Brenau University Instructor: Dr. North June 10, 2014 Executive Summary This marketing plan was created for Nestle Crunch to position itself in the next year to deliver at least $13 million in profit without increasing the budget by over $2 million. An analysis of the chocolate confectionery market will be analyzed to develop marketing strategies to implement to satisfy these objectives. situation analyses Market SizeRead MoreEssay on Nestle Marketing Plan3102 Words à |à 13 Pagesï » ¿ Product: Nestle Pure Life Company: Nestle Contents Product: Nestle Pure Life 1 Company: Nestle 1 INTRODUCTION 4 Nestle - Company Overview 4 Nestle Waters ââ¬â A subsidiary 5 Nestle Pure Life ââ¬â The Product 6 SEGMENTATION TARGETING 7 Segmentation 7 Target Market 7 COMPETITORS 8 Main Competitors ââ¬â Competitive Analysis 8 SWOT 9 Weaknesses 10 Opportunities 10 Threats 10 CUSTOMERS 11 Main Customers ââ¬â Customers Analysis 11 Core Competency 12 Apparent Marketing Strategy 13 RecommendationsRead MoreMarketing Plan For The Bakersfield Nestle Ice Cream Facility Essay1846 Words à |à 8 Pagesimplementation plan that has the capability of being successful in the organization. The document will be giving a detailed description of the strategy chosen in the Bakersfield Nestlà © Ice Cream Facility regarding the improvements in the beginning of the run and offline sensory program. Consequently, one will be pointing out the issues foreseen regarding the implementation of the new strategy chosen to improve the consumer s trust and preference by ensuring continuity in the Nestlà © products. ThoughRead MoreNestle Coffee Market Plan Essay5928 Words à |à 24 PagesExecutive Summary Nestle is the worlds largest food manufacturers that enjoys a good reputation in the world due to the high-quality of their products. One of its famous products is Nescafe, which has over 70 yearââ¬â¢s history and is one of the worlds leading coffee brands. Currently, the potential competitors of Nestle are Maxwell, KreisKaffee (direct brand competitors).The key strengths of Nestle are excellent quality, well-known brand with loyal consumers, the capability of scientific researchRead MoreEssay about Nestle Distribution Channel2351 Words à |à 10 Pagesbut today due to lot of different methods, channels and modern tools for marketing and functioning of the organisation, the world has become very competitive. In this assignment the author is concentrating on two major players in this competition, the distribution channels and the sales force. The company in discussion here is Nestlà © UK and the product for narrow research is Nestlà ©Ã¢â¬â¢s own most successful brand ââ¬Å"Kit Katâ⬠. Nestlà © homes itself in Switzerland since 1867 today is one of the worldââ¬â¢s mostRead MoreNescafe and Social Media6187 Words à |à 25 PagesTeodora Gocheva 11114125 1 CONTENTS Introduction â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦3 Theory Marketing Concepts â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦4 Social Media â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..5 Social Media Marketing â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..6 Nescafe The Brand â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.7 Nescafe Marketing Analysis (theory implementation) â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦9 Advertising â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦12Read MoreMarketing Plan For A Small Business2998 Words à |à 12 Pagesin detail. â⬠¢ The benefits of TQM when implementing the strategic plan to meet goals or increasing profit within a small business. â⬠¢ The economyââ¬â¢s motivation of small businesses stability as compared to large businesses that are well established, also the financial assistance of other organization including the government. â⬠¢ Different categories of a company and the importance of CRM to any size business. â⬠¢ To compare the marketing plan of a small business and a large business where it reflects the
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Syphlis - 1135 Words
Health Information Form-for Adults DO NOT USE YOUR OWN INFORMATION A. Identification Name (Last) VALEZ JOHN B. Emergency Contacts (First) (Middle) GEORGE In Case of Emergency, Notify: Primary Contact Name VALEZ HOLLY MAY Maiden Name N/A Primary Address 5432 RESIDENT DRIVE City HOMESTED Relationship SPOUSE State FL Zip 33371 Country USA Alternate Address N/A City Address SAME City State Zip Code Country Home Phone (123) 555-1212 Work Phone (123) 555-0001 Cell Phone (123) 555-2219 State Zip Code Home Phone SAME Country Work Phone (123) 555- 9925 Email Address myemail@gmail.com Date of Birth 08/19/1966 Height 6ââ¬â¢3â⬠Sex: X Male Weight 225 LB Race HISPANIC Eye Color BLUE Female Hair Color BROWN Birthmark/Scars NONEâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Legal Documents/Medical Directives X Living Will Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare Power of Attorney Document Location (Physical Location) LOCK BOX AT HOME Location Name (for example Bank of America) Address City State Zip Code Country Fax Contact (Name of person who has access to the document) HOLLY MAY VALEZ Address SAME City State Zip Code Country Contact Information Legal Representative (Name of person who you have assigned legal authority) HOLLY MAY VALEZ Home Phone Address SAME City Pager E-mail Address Work Phone Work E-mail Address State Zip Code Country Contact Information Fax Home Phone Cellular Phone Date Filed 03/30/2005 Pager E-mail Address Organ Donation: Cellular Phone Health Information Form-for Adults DO NOT USE YOUR OWN INFORMATION Work E-mail Address Work Phone Organ Donor X Yes Living Will Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare Power of Attorney Document Location(Physical Location) No State Where Registered FLORIDA Fax Location Name (for example Bank of America) Contact ( Name of person who has access to the document) Address Address City City State Zip Code Country State Zip Code Country Contact Information Legal Representative (Name of person who you have assigned legal authority) Home Phone Address Pager E-mail Address Work Phone Work E-mail Address City State Zip Code Country Contact Information Cellular Phone Fax Home Phone Cellular
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Team Working in Organisational Partnerships
Question: Identify,compare and contrast the key success factors for team working in organisational partnerships? Answer: Introduction This literature search is focused towards analysing team working in the context of organisational partnerships. As a part of analysis in this literature review, there are different important aspects related to team management that will be assessed in the analysis. This mainly include an analysis of the role, nature and purpose of teams, types of teams, and the role of mission, vision and culture in organisation and their role on team and partnership relations. The analysis in this literature search also focuses towards the key success factors that are essential from the point of view of achieving success in respect to team working in organisation. The key success factors for the efficient working of teams within organisation will be critically assessed as a part of analysis in this literature search in order to analyse the actual role of teams working within it. The analysis is not only limited to these particular aspects, but it will cover different important areas such as agreeing the aims and success criteria for teams and organisational partnerships with senior managers, agreeing the operational procedures for team working and organisational partnerships, and establishing and motivating teams including the evaluation of team working in organisational partnerships. The literature review finally evaluates the different major skills and abilities that must be considered in ensuring the efficient performance of team working within organisation. These aspects are analysed as follows: Nature and Status of Organisational Partnerships: The term organisational partnership simples mean that there has been partnership established within two different organisations in order to carry out their business activities and processes. Organisational partnership is an important concept which implies establishing partnerships between organisations so that the tasks can be accomplished in a highly efficient manner by way of combining the efforts of members from both the organisation. Kuglin and Hook (2002) have indicated that organisational partnerships can also be defined as strategic alliance whereby two different departments from different organisations combines their strategies and resources with a view to accomplish combined organisational goals (Kuglin and Hook, 2002). This concept of organisational partnership also has its relevance in respect to teams working within organisation. Hayes (2011) has indicated about the changing faces of team whereby it has been described that there has been significant level of changes being evident over the years in respect to the ways in which teams operate. There has been the rise of partnership teams in UK as suggested by Hayes (2011) and this concept of partnership team implies the teams of two different organisations working together in accomplishing a similar goal. The relevance of such concept of team working in partnership has been increasing because of the advantages associated with it. It allows for the attainment of synergistic efforts from the team members operating across two different organisations because the collaborative efforts from both of them accounts for achieving higher success levels. Contrary to this, there are certain major challenges in teams working in organisational partnerships such as establishing coordination, cultural differences issues and many more (Hayes, 2011). Role, Nature and Purpose of Teams: An analysis of the existing literature indicates that the role and purpose of teams is crucial from the point of view of efficiently achieving organisational goals. According to Keen (2003), teams are known for playing important roles in organisation by way of allowing them in performing their organisational processes in a highly efficient way. Teams are known as one of the essential factors in organisation as the collaborative efforts from members within team is crucial from the point of view of leading organisation to higher level of success by achieving efficiency in their processes (Keen, 2003). Pauleen (2004) describes the nature of team by indicating that teams involve two or more than two members, and they are assigned a common goal which needs to be achieved through collaborative efforts from all the members within it. Team works in a collaborative way, and the contribution of knowledge by each member is crucial from the point of view of achieving the team goals. As indicated by King, Fries and Johnson () it is essential that there should be the development of right skills by the teams so that the goals as assigned to teams can be efficiently achieved. The important skills needed in respect to teams are broadly classified as technical or functional expertise, interpersonal skills and problem solving and decision making skills. These skills allows for efficiently handling the organisational problems in a highly efficient way. Thus, the nature of the team working implies that it is the way of getting the organisational goals accomplished through the combined or collaborative efforts of large number of members within it. In relation to the purpose of team, an analysis of the existing literature indicates that there are different purposes for which teams exist. As for instance, as indicated by Mitchell (2008) the main purpose of teams within organisation is to achieve synergistic performance through the collaborative efforts of wide number of members. But in ensuring that the team purpose is accomplished, there is a need to make sure that there is equal level of efforts being achieved from all the members within teams (Mitchell, 2008). The purpose of teams as per Katzenbach and Smith (2013) is mainly to make it sure that the organisational problems are efficiently addressed by way of contribution of efforts from all its members. Such contributory work allows for the efficient attainment of organisational goals (Katzenbach and Smith, 2013). Thus, the analysis above has indicated key important elements regarding the operations of team within organisation including their nature and purpose. Types of Teams: An analysis of the team and the nature and their purpose of existence are already carried out. However, it is also essential to analyse different types of teams that are existence within an organisation, and this section of analysis is now focused towards performing an assessment of the existence literature with respect to the different types of teams. As for instance, an analysis of the existing literature indicated that there are different types of teams that are operational in an organisation. According to Daft (2009), teams can be categorised into formal teams and informal teams. The informal team comprises of vertical teams and horizontal teams. Formal teams are those teams which are created within organisation as a part of their formal organisational structure. In vertical teams, they are mostly comprised of managers, and their subordinates in the formal chain of command. This is also known as functional team that is operational within organisation. The horizontal team comprise s of members from same hierarchical level, but they may be from different areas of expertise. These are the important types of teams as suggested by Daft (2009). Teams according to Griffin and Moorhead (2011) are classified into different major types including problem solving teams, management teams, product development teams, and virtual teams. The problem solving teams are self defined as these teams are mainly known for solving the problems through their diverse nature of knowledge and abilities. The management teams are responsible for performing the management of different functional areas in an organisation, and they aims at coordinating the entire organisational processes in a manner that ensures them the attainment of higher level of success. Apart from this, product development teams have the primary role of developing products in a manner that suits the needs and expectations of their customers. The virtual teams are those than never meets together in a room, as they operate from a virtual destination. The existence of this type of virtual team has been possible mainly because of advancement as achieved in the field of technology (G riffin and Moorhead, 2011). Thus, the analysis above has indicated about the existence of large number of teams within organisation and they have different purposes that are satisfied by them. Although the teams are of different types, but an analysis of the literature has indicated that there are teams operating at different strategic levels within organisation, and teams are also from different backgrounds. According to Wildman and Griffith (2014) teams operate at the strategic levels as well, and the main purpose of the teams operating at such strategic levels is mainly to undertake strategic decisions that are aimed at leading the entire organisation to higher success levels. The teams operating at strategic levels are required to undertake strategic decisions that ensure them success in taking the organisation to higher performance levels (Wildman and Griffith, 2014). Teams also operate with members from diverse backgrounds and they are crucial in leading the entire organisation to higher success levels. According to Hoskisson, Hitt and Ireland (2012), teams from diverse background are on the rise and the major contributing factor to such rise in the teams from different cultural backgrounds is mainly the rise in the businesses expanding to international markets. This suggests that people from different cultural backgrounds work together in teams, and they carry out the organisational functions with a view to ensure the attainment of higher level of success and growth in their performance. Sage (2010) has indicated that such diverse nature of teams are highly crucial from the point of view of allowing businesses in achieving higher success levels in the 21st century because this allows for the application of knowledge of diverse employees within organisation, and the resulting impact is better solution to the problems faced by the organisation. There are significant level of advantages that could be possible to businesses from considering the management of diverse teams within their organisation, and this is the reason that businesses increasingly promote the application of such diverse teams in performing the management of their business processes. Overall, the assessment above indicates that different types of teams exist and they have different roles to play in leading the organisation to achieving higher level of success. Effect of Mission, Values and Culture on Team and Partnership: Vision, mission and values are long term goals of an organisation, and these aspects are crucial from the point of view of framing efficient strategies and developing teams and partnerships within organisations. This section analyses the role of mission, values and culture on teams and partnerships within organisation. According to Heinemann and Zeiss (2012), the mission of an organisation is the long term value or goals that the organisation seeks to achieve, and this has been a crucial factor because it directs the goals and processes that are carried out. The impact of mission statement on teams is crucial because it is the mission statement that decides on the organisational goals and strategies and based on such goals, team planning process is carried out. As suggested by Dew (2008), it is essential that manager of the team must be capable enough in articulating the vision and mission statement of the organisation within each members efforts and goals. The role of managers is th erefore crucial because by articulating the mission and vision of the company into individuals actions, it could be possible to positively achieve organisational goals. Each team is required to develop its own mission so that support to the entire organisation can ultimately be achieved. It is also essential that the each of the team member must understand their roles and responsibilities within organisation so that they can ensure the contribution of their maximum level of efforts in achieving organisational goals. Apart from mission, the role of values and culture on team management and partnership is also crucial. According to Hopkins (2009), the performance of team is directly affected by the values and cultures that are faced by them. Cultural values differ from country to country and their role is significant in affecting the team performance. Teams usually comprise of members from diverse background and their diverse cultural values and beliefs often affect their performance in a negative way. Cultural factor affect the team performance in the sense that it creates difficulties to team members in understanding the goals of their organisation. This is mainly because of differences in their cultural background which often acts as an obstacle to them in understanding team goals and preferences. Apart from goal related problem, there are certain other problems that are also evident in respect to teams performance from this cultural factor as suggested by Hopkins (2009). The cultural factor af fects the performance in the sense that it creates confusion within team members in doing their tasks while performing in teams, and there is often the issue of cultural superiority that impedes the performance of teams. Team members often identify their culture to be superior as compared to others, and this factor affects their performance in a negative way (Hopkins, 2009). These are some of the managerial issues related to the management of culture in the process of team performance. It is essential that these factors should be addressed in a positive way so that efficient overall team management can be possible in a positive way. Planning and Reporting Processes in Teams and Organisational Partnerships: Teams also operate in a specific way with different important activities and processes that are being carried out in ensuring that the organisational goals are positively accomplished. There are specific ways in which the planning and reporting is carried out by the team members within organisations. According to Evans (2004), the planning process that has been carried out in teams is mainly a shared planning process whereby each and every member is required to contribute in a positive way towards attaining the team objectives and goals. The team members have good potential to contribute their knowledge and skills in achieving organisational goals. As a result, planning processes as carried out within teams are undertaken by way of including all the members within it. This allows for efficient overall planning with respect to each and every major activity that is being performed as teams (Evans, 2004). According to Sears and Clough (2010), the team building process mainly starts with the planning process, and this is therefore required to be carried out in a highly efficient manner in ensuring that team development has been achieved effectively. However, once the team is formulated, the planning process that has been carried out is quite specific whereby the team members need to act in tandem and all the members are involved in taking any major decisions. The process involves sharing the views of each of the member within the team and based on the group discussion, the decision that has been accepted by majority of the members is finally accepted. The team mentor or the leader is required to undertake the final decision, and this is then approved with the senior level managers. Apart from this process in respect to the decision making within teams, the actual activities are carried out in different ways across different organisations. As for example, some organisation have teams bu t still the member are required to work on individual goals whereas others have group goals which requires them to work in teams (Sears and Clough, 2010). Apart from planning process, reporting process is also crucial in respect to team performance. According to Black (2004), the reporting process of team differs from organisation to organisation, and there are different important ways in which team members report their performance and achievements. In some organisations, team reporting is carried out in the form of team members reporting their individual performance to the team leader on daily basis, and the team leader in turn requires the reporting of organisational performance to the senior level managers from regular intervals of time. However, in respect to highly authoritative organisations, the team reporting is done directly to the supervisors or the senior level managers that are responsible for the supervision of teams. Each team member is required to report their performance to such senior level managers. As the planning and reporting processes have been identified in teams, but they have different nature of operations in respect to teams operating in organisational partnerships. According to Clegg, Hardy and Nord (2003), team reporting in respect to organisational partnerships differ significantly, as the team from both the partnering organisations is required to report to the common members of senior management that are operational within the combined organisation. In organisational partnerships, the senior level management of both the organisations come together as per the agreed terms, and they are responsible for the management of the entire team. The reporting of teams from both the organisations is done to the managerial team responsible for managing the strategic partnership. Thus, the team reporting is done in case of organisational partnership to the management responsible for managing both the partners within it (Clegg, Hardy and Nord, 2003). Thus, the analysis above has indicated that the planning and reporting processes in teams and organisational partnerships are critical and they are followed differently across different types of teams operating within organisations. Key Success Factors of Teams Working in Organisational Partnerships: Teams are highly essential to the successful performance of an organisation. It is essential that their management should be carried out in a highly efficient way so that they accounts for positive level of contribution towards achieving organisational goals. However, in ensuring the efficient performance of teams, there are certain important critical success factors that must be satisfied by them. This section of analysis is now focused towards examining the critical success factors that are applicable in respect to the efficient performance of teams within organisation. As analysed above, teams in organisational partnerships are quite different in terms of their reporting and operational processes. As a result, the key success factors are also critical in respect to the teams operating in organisational partnerships. As indicated in the existing literature, there are different important key success factors that are essential to teams in respect to their performance. According to Caporarello (2014), an important prerequisite in respect to achieving success in team performance is mainly the interaction process within team members. It is highly essential that the team members should perform interaction with each other so that better analysis of the problem can be possible and the resulting impact is improved decision making abilities. By having interaction at the greater level, the team members could be encouraged positively to share their opinion and thoughts, and they in turn can be better encouraged to contribute positively in achieving organisational goals (Caporarello, 2014). An important key success factor for efficient team performance is indicated by Parker (2003) by suggesting that teams can perform in a highly efficient manner by way of making it sure that there are cross functional teams that are operational within organisation. Cross functional teams imply that the members within the teams are from diverse background conditions so that they can better address the needs and requirements of their organisations (Parker, 2003). According to Humphrey and Over (2010), the successful management and performance of teams within organisation require efficient leadership and trust within the members of the team. A team is managed by a leader and such leader is responsible for the entire management of team members in achieving organisational goals. Apart from this, the existence of mutual trust within team members is also identified as a critical success factor to efficient team performance and management (Humphrey and Over, 2010). According to Wieringa and Persson (2010), team working requires certain major successful factors in ensuring higher level of effectiveness within them. The management of teams in organisation is crucial, and this can be carried out in an efficient manner through focusing on certain important factors. These are mainly identified as achieving team cohesiveness, facilitating efficient communication opportunities, allowing for group thinking, achieving homogeneity in respect to managing team, focusing on stakeholder outcomes, committed leadership, smart goals, establishing mutual trust etc. These are identified as the most critical success factors that are essential to overall performance and management of teams within organisation. By aiming towards achieving all these aspects, there could be the attainment of higher level of success that could be possible in respect to team performance within organisation (Wieringa and Persson, 2010). Although there are various critical success factors being identified in respect to team working in organisation, however, it is essential to analyse such critical success factors especially in respect to teams operating in organisational partnerships. This is mainly because the analysis above has indicated that team working differs significantly in respect to organisational partnerships and the critical success factors therefore differs greatly in respect to teams operating in strategic partnerships. According to Mark (2009), the critical success factor in respect to teams operating within organisational partnerships is that the management of the partnered organisation should provide equal treatments to the teams that are operations. As there are teams from different organisations work in respect to partnership teams, it is essential that members from different teams from such different organisations should be treated equally in order to achieve success in their contribution in achie ving organisational goals (Mark, 2009). Overall, the analysis above has indicated about significant level of critical success factors that are essential to efficient performance of teams within organisation. Establishing Efficient Team Working and Organisational Partnerships: This section of analysis is now focused towards establishing efficient team working and organisational partnerships by way of agreeing success criteria for teams, agreeing operational procedures for them, motivating team workers and finally evaluating the effectiveness of team working. An analysis of all these aspects in the existing literature is carried out in this section of literature analysis. In establishing teams, it is essential that aims and objectives regarding the working of teams should be identified. According to Finlay (2004), the establishment aims and objectives for team is essential because it guides the team members with respect to their roles and responsibilities within organisation and thereby encourages them in efficiently meeting out such goals and objectives in an efficient manner. However, an important criterion in establishing goals is that the senior managers including the board members should agree to it (Finlay, 2004). As per Nelson (2009), the senior mana gers can be made agreed with respect to selecting aim for the teams by way of proving them the benefits from it, and also by explaining the capabilities of teams in achieving them. Once the senior management agrees for the aims and objectives of teams, it is essential to agree on the operational procedures that are crucial to performing the team processes. Sutton (2014) in this regard indicated that the development of operational procedures is crucial from the point of view of making each team member responsible for his/her role in the team. The operating procedures for teams and the team members within organisational partnership should be indicated in written so that they could be applied in managing each team member (Sutton, 2014). As per Adkins and Chambers (2005), the operating procedures for team includes deciding on the role and tasks of each member and the ways in which they needs to be undertaken, technical details about teams operations, safety and security policies, and the mandatory rules and policies that must be supported by the team members (Adkins and Chambers, 2005). The policies and procedures are not only sufficient for the teams, but in order to ensure that they contribute positively towards accomplishing teams goal, it is essential that they should be motivated aggressively. According to Pride, Hughes and Kapoor (2013), there are different important techniques that can be utilised in ensuring that efficient motivation of team is accomplished. As for instance, the application of techniques such as employee empowerment, self-managed work teams, and employee ownership could be applied in efficiently motivating employees, and thereby in achieving positive level of contribution from team members towards accomplishing organisational goals (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2013). Finally, the team motivation is followed by an assessment of their actual performance evaluation so as to assess the effectiveness of policies and procedures and team motivation within organisation. The evaluation of team performance according to Heinemann and Zeiss (2002) can be ensured by way of checking the actual output of team as against the targets or aims as set for the entire team. The evaluation of teams performance in organisational partnerships should be ensured by way of collectively assessing the performance of each and every team member rather than individual members within it. This will ensure the efficient assessment or evaluation of the entire teams effectiveness in accomplishing organisational goals (Heinemann and Zeiss, 2002). Skills and Abilities in Establishing Efficient Teams: In performing the establishment of efficient teams within organisation, it is highly essential that there should be certain basis skills and abilities that must be possessed. An analysis of the existing literature indicates that there are different kinds of skills and abilities that are needed in ensuring that efficient teams are established. According to Pearce and Conger (2002), leadership skill is the most crucial within team members and it is essential that this skill should be possessed in ensuring efficient establishment and management of teams within organisation (Pearce and Conger, 2002). Gibson and Cohen (2003) have indicated for various such skills and abilities that are essential on the part of team members in ensuring success within organisation. According to them, it is highly essential that there should be good interaction established through encouraging communication within team members and this requires efficient communication management skills and abilities within te ams. They should possess good negotiation abilities and strategies so that even complex organisational problems can be addressed in a positive way. Teams are also required to be highly diversified as suggested by Hopkins (2009) and this is mainly because the diverse teams have members from different backgrounds and they can achieve incremental benefits by contributing their knowledge and abilities. Such diversified teams include members from different backgrounds and their knowledge, skills and abilities would prove successful to organisations. Such inclusion of team members from diverse backgrounds also represents dynamic teams and they are crucial to efficient performance of entire teams within organisation. However, it is indicated important that each and every member as included within the team must possess good knowledge and abilities within them because this would ensure high performance work teams which are crucial in achieving success. Diversity and Social Constructs: The use of diversity and social constructs in the team formation is important. As suggested by Hopkins (2009) diversity is core factor to the success of team concepts within organisation because it enables the organisation in solving even the complex problems in a highly efficient way. This is mainly because of the application of diverse knowledge of such members from different backgrounds. The social constructs of different members also differs and this allows them in thinking in different ways to a common problem. The resulting impact is therefore better accomplishment of goals for which the organisation strives for. Thus, the cultural and social constructs are important as they determine the overall effectiveness of the team operating within organisation and also within organisational partnerships. Evaluation Models and Procedures: The final step in the overall performance of teams within organisation is the evaluation of their actual performance levels. There are models and procedures that could be applied for the purpose of evaluating the performance of teams within organisations. According to Lee (2007), shared mental models could be applied for the purpose of evaluating the performance of teams. In addition to this, it has been indicated that the measurement or evaluation of team performance depends on the nature of tasks in terms of their complexity levels. This is a crucial determining factor in terms of overall teams performance within organisation. In performing the evaluation of teams performance, the existing literature indicates about large number of performance measures that could be applied. According to Neely (2002), the management of performance of teams can be ensured by way of initially setting up standards for them. The setting up of standards should be followed by the assistance to the team m embers, and this can be in the form of training to the team members in enhancing their overall abilities and skills. This is followed by the actual evaluation of their performance which can be accomplished in the form of checking their actual performance and comparing them with the standards set for them. This procedure is highly effective in terms of achieving highly efficient measurement of performance within teams, and thereby in achieving positive level of contribution on their part towards teams performance. References Adkins, R. and Chambers, L. (2005), Standard Operating Procedures for All Doctors, SOPs Press. Black, R. (2004), Critical Testing Processes: Plan, Prepare, Perform, Perfect, Addison-Wesley Professional. Caporarello, L. (2014), Smart Organizations and Smart Artifacts: Fostering Interaction Between People, Technologies and Processes, Springer. Clegg, S.R., Hardy, C. and Nord, W.R. (2003), Handbook of Organization Studies, SAGE Publications Ltd. Daft, R. (2009), Management, 9th ed., Cengage Learning. Dew, J.R. (2008), Managing in a Team Environment, IAP. Evans, I. (2004), Achieving Software Quality Through Teamwork, Artech House. Finlay, L. (2004), The Practice of Psychosocial Occupational Therapy, Nelson Thornes. Griffin, R. and Moorhead, G. (2011), Organizational Behavior, 10th ed., Cengage Learning. Hoskisson, R., Hitt, M., Ireland, R.D. and Harrison, J. (2012), Competing for Advantage, Cengage Learning. Hayes, P. (2011), Leading and Coaching Teams to Success: The Secret Life of Teams, McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Heinemann, G.D. and Zeiss, A.M. (2012), Team Performance in Health Care: Assessment and Development, Springer Science Business Media. Humphrey, W.S. and Over, J.W. (2010), Leadership, Teamwork, and Trust: Building a Competitive Software Capability. Addison-Wesley Professional. Hopkins, B. (2009), Cultural Differences and Improving Performance: How Values and Beliefs Influence Organizational Performance, Gower Publishing, Ltd. Keen, T.R. (2003), Creating Effective and Successful Teams, Purdue University Press. Kuglin, F.A. and Hook, J. (2002), Building, Leading, and Managing Strategic Alliances: How to Work Effectively and Profitably with Partner Companies, AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Katzenbach, J.R. and Smith, D.K. (2013), The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-Performance Organization, Harvard Business Press. Kuglin, F.A. and Hook, J. (2002), Building, Leading, and Managing Strategic Alliances: How to Work Effectively and Profitably with Partner Companies, AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Lee, M. (2007), Understanding Changes in Team-related and Task-related Mental Models and Their Effects on Team and Individual Performance, ProQuest. Mitchell, J.A. (2008), Teams Work, New Hope Publishers. Mark, S. (2009), Institutional Transformation through Best Practices in Virtual Campus Development: Advancing E-Learning Policies: Advancing E-Learning Policies, IGI Global. Nelson, S. (2009), Implementing for Results: Your Stragetic Plan in Action, American Library Association. Pride, W., Hughes, R. and Kapoor, J. (2013), Business, 12th ed., Cengage Learning. Pearce, C.L. and Conger, J.A. (2002), Shared Leadership: Reframing the Hows and Whys of Leadership, SAGE Publications. Parker, G.M. (2003), Cross- Functional Teams: Working with Allies, Enemies, and Other Strangers, 2nd ed., John Wiley Sons. Pauleen, D. (2004), Virtual Teams: Projects, Protocols and Processes, Idea Group Inc (IGI). Sutton, I. (2014), Process Risk and Reliability Management: Operational Integrity Management, 2nd ed., Gulf Professional Publishing. Sage, R. (2010), Meeting the Needs of Students with Diverse Backgrounds, AC Black. Sears, S.K. and Clough, R.H. (2010), Construction Project Management: A Practical Guide to Field Construction Management, 5th ed., John Wiley Sons. Wieringa, R. and Persson, A. (2010), Programming and Software Engineering, Springer Science Business Media. Wildman, J.L. and Griffith, R. (2014), Leading Global Teams: Translating Multidisciplinary Science to Practice, Springer.
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