Realities of War

Loved and Lost English Literature 108 July 27 2014 War is a patriotic act where one seeks the determination to lead their country. It can be viewed as noble, cruel, inhumane, and can make an individual a hero or a criminal. It affects everyone in a society, hoping loved ones are safe, whether they are the ones fighting in the battlefield or waiting at home. Anthem for Doomed Youth† by Wilfred Owen presents a speaker who criticizes war and illustrates a vivid picture in the readers mind regarding the harsh realities surrounding warfare, including the Allen soldiers and the ones left behind to grieve their losses. Where as W. B. Yeats in Easter 1916 portrays a speaker who conveys an ambiguous attitude in relation to war, they initially seem undecided in their feelings regarding the rebellious revolutionaries who led the uprising, but soon turn to appreciate and appreciate the fallen individuals.Imagery is used to explore and portray complex subject matters; Owen and Yeats illustr ate the harsh realities of war using imagery that incorporates objects seen and used in every day life. All though the speaker's perspectives differ ND they explore warfare from different angles, their use of imagery serves as a powerful tool in emphasizing the positive and negative aspects of war and the side effects on a society.Owen and Yeats both question the necessity of war in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† and â€Å"Easter 1916† but Owen uses imagery that evokes negative responses to war, whereas Yeats presents an ambiguous perspective through his use of imagery. Owen creates contrary feelings towards the subject of war through his imagery. Contrasting â€Å"Anthem† with â€Å"Doomed Youth† initiates the tone for the rest of the poem, â€Å"Anthem is s youth are typically seen as young children who should be protected and not thrown in harms way, all though in this poem, the use of ‘Doomed' in title creates a completely different meaning.His use of language emphasizes his perspective against the necessity of war by contrasting words such as â€Å"demented choirs† with â€Å"wailing shells† (7) and â€Å"monstrous anger† with â€Å"guns,† (2) all portraying negative images that emphasize on the destructive nature of war, therefore contributing to the speaker's stance against war. In addition, William Kevin Penny states, This quote re-emphasizes that Owens use of detailed imagery was used deliberately so that an audience could effectively grasp the meaningful message he was trying to convey about aspects of war.His contrasting language such as â€Å"anthem† with â€Å"doomed,† and â€Å"monstrous anger† with â€Å"guns† is what makes this message conveyable to an audience. In contrast to Owens poem, Yeats uses imagery to present the speaker's ambiguous perspective, the comparisons made in the lines: Yeats uses the comparisons of death to sleep to reflect the speaker 's ambiguous perspective. Normally sleep is equated with neither, negative or positive emotions, here as death is normally seen in a negative way; yet comparing the two together, reflects the speaker's ambivalent attitude effectively in this poem.Yeats' Contrasting the image of nightfall with death signifies the relationship between the end of day (that happens insignificantly) with the end of a person's life, which normally would be considered significant, yet this reference is suggesting the death resulting from war is unnecessary. The question, â€Å"Was it needless death after all? † reflects the speakers opinion even further, the question mark is inserted to enhance the ambiguity of the beaker, as it implies the speakers uncertain nature.Therefore reflecting the speaker feels the revolutionaries' rebellion is questionable in its nature. Lima Haney agrees with this notion by claiming, â€Å"Easter 1916, Yeats conveys his dismay with the civil unrest and the needless loss of life in his country,† (341) therefore reaffirming that the speaker in this poem questions the necessity of war as it produces fatalities that are unwarranted according to Haney. Yeats is able to represent this stance, using specific language such as ‘needless death,' which also adds to the images that emphasize this notion.Owen and Yeats both use imagery in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† and â€Å"Easter 1916† to reflect the speaker's perspective on individual's involvement in the war. Owens use of imagery portrays a cynical perspective from a speaker who condemns the actions and stresses the consequences of warfare. Owens speaker stresses soldiers in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† who have fought in the war and the loved ones who have dealt with losses resulting from war.His use of language creates vivid imagery by comparing the deaths of soldiers to the deaths of cattle. Owen states, â€Å"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? (Owen 1). This quote reflects the speaker's opinion that soldiers involved in warfare are treated like a herd of animals, and their deaths are no more important than cattle, which are rounded together and killed simultaneously in a slaughterhouse.The line also sets the tone for the rest of the poem through imagery, as soldiers are portrayed in dehumidifying terms, and reflects the negative perspective of the speaker. In contrast to the poetic devices used by Owen, Yeats' use of imagery in â€Å"Easter 1916† describes a speaker who is initially uncertain about the necessity of war, yet recognizes the revolutionaries involved on a heroic level by amortizing them.The speaker, even though ambiguous in their attitude towards war, still feels that the revolutionaries partaking in the rebellion are important enough to â€Å"write it out in a verse,† (Yeats 74) therefore the imagery of a tangible poem recognizes the revolutionaries actions as heroic enough to commemorate them in a p oem that shall be read for eternity, even though the speaker doesn't necessarily agree with the rebellion itself.This notion is further proven when Austin Ride states, † Yeats initially disapproved of the Easter rebels, heir executions won him over to a grudging and ambivalent respect for their accomplishment† (401) similar to my initial statement that through imagery, Yeats uses imagery such as commemorating revolutionaries in a tangible poem to present his speaker's ambiguous perspective on the war, all though he was uncertain in his attitude towards the rebellion, the gesture of the revolutionaries fighting for what they believed in granted them the significance to be viewed as noble and patriotic.Owen and Yeats both use imagery to describe the bloodshed during battles to emphasize the harsh realities of war in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† and â€Å"Easter 916†. Owen presents imagery that illustrates horrendous warfare conditions that exemplify the con ditions soldiers had to endure. The lines stating, â€Å"Only the monstrous anger of the guns. Only the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle† (Owen, 2-3) refers to the soldier's day-to-day living conditions, which consisted of living in fear with constant chaos from the sounds of gunshots constantly surrounding them, and knowing that at any moment their lives could be over.In comparison to Owen, Yeats also uses imagery to convey the bloodshed during battles to emphasize the harsh ileitis by stating, â€Å"We know their dream; enough / To know they dreamed and are dead,† (Yeats, 70-71) with the use of images of death, and comparing the dreams of the individuals involved in the rebellion to their deaths, illuminates the harsh realities of war; even though they had good intentions, and felt as if they were fighting for a noble cause, their â€Å"dreams† are what finalized their lives; therefore, showcasing the inevitability of warfare.Owen and Yeats' language throughout the poem creates imagery that reflects the effects of warfare and how it not only hurts the individuals involved but the ones who urn from their losses as well. Owens speaker discusses individuals in â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† who have to deal with the loss of loved ones resulting from war. Stating, â€Å"The pallor of girls' brows shall be their pall; / Their flowers the tenderness of silent minds, / And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds. † (Owen, 12-14) refers to all the family and friends who have to deal with the horrible losses resulting from war.The â€Å"pallor of girls† signifies the paleness of women from shock and sadness, and ‘tenderness of silent minds† is referring to the silent mourning of family embers and/or friends. The phrase, â€Å"drawing-down of blinds† is also referring to the grieving of loved ones. The use of this everyday object is typically used to represent the end of day, or to be left alone. People use b linds to keep things out, such as sun, or to represent nobody is home or they do not want to be bothered.

Difference Between Computer Literacy and Information Literacy Essay

1. Why is it important to understand the difference between computer literacy and information literacy? The difference between computer literacy and information literacy is as follows: Information literacy is the ability to access, organize, evaluate and use information from various sources. Computer literacy is having the knowledge to use technology in order to manipulate computer software or hardware. There is a strong correlation between the two, but they are still different. Both concepts use critical thinking, but information literacy goes beyond knowledge and access in learning more. To be clearer, with information literacy one is taking what has been read and learned and applying it. With computer literacy one can have the knowledge but not necessarily know how to use it or apply it. Basically, with information literacy one will take the knowledge to the next step by using the access to organize, use and evaluate what has been found. With computer literacy one has the technology to manipulate the computer, but they may not have the information to continue on through the process and derive a conclusion based on evaluations and organization. Computer literacy, if you want to think of it in steps, is the literacy before information literacy in which the person is on their way to gaining the extra knowledge they need in order to apply what is currently known. Information literacy also requires one to have awareness in how information systems work and the link between information need, sources and channels. An example would explain this easier. You can know how to use Google search, but unless you take it a step further such as knowing what you need, the sources and the channels to gain what you need you will be stuck with unhelpful answers. Certainly, you know you need keywords in a search engine, but unless you know what keywords you are stuck. This is the relationship between the two concepts. 2. Discuss the three elements of an information system (hardware, software and persware) that managers must consider. Which of the three do you consider the most important? Hardware: Is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other devices. The term arose as a way to distinguish the â€Å"box† and the electronic circuitry and components of a computer from the program you put in it to make it do things. Software: Software is a term for a set of instructions, which makes a computer to perform a task. The set of instructions are commonly known as a program, without which computers cannot do any operations. A software is classified broadly in to two groups, application software, which includes normal utility applications like Microsoft word, PowerPoint etc. that interacts and performs user specific tasks and system software, such as operating systems, which interacts directly with hardware to make the system work and also provide a platform for other applications to work. Persware: Defined as the people aspect of an information system, without this aspect of an information system the hardware and software components become computer literacy. The people who drive and run the information system also help to determine which types of data to collect, store and disseminate for reporting and analysis purposes. The three Components of information system talked about the input, processing, output and feedback processes. Most important is the feedback process; unfortunately it’s the one most often overlooked. Just as in the triangle above, the hardware (input and output) and the software (processing) receive the most attention. With those two alone, you have computer literacy. But if you don’t use the â€Å"persware† side of the triangle to complete the feedback loop, you don’t accomplish much. Add the â€Å"persware† angle with good feedback and you have the beginnings of information literacy. 3. Which of the six business objectives do you think is the most important? How can information systems help a business meet these objectives? The Six Important Business Objectives of Information Technology Product Development Information technology can speed up the time it takes new products to reach the market. Companies can write product requirement documents by gathering market intelligence from proprietary databases, customers and sales representatives. Computer-assisted design and manufacturing software speed up decision making, while collaborative technologies allow global teams to work on different components of a product simultaneously. From innovations in microprocessors to efficient drug delivery systems, information technology helps businesses respond quickly to changing customer requirements. Stakeholder Integration Stakeholder integration is another important objective of information technology. Using global 24/7 interconnectivity, a customer service call originating in Des Moines, Iowa, ends up in a call center in Manila, Philippines, where a service agent could look up the relevant information on severs based in corporate headquarters in Dallas, Texas, or in Frankfurt, Germany. Public companies use their investor relations websites to communicate with shareholders, research analysts and other market participants. Process Improvement Process improvement is another key IT business objective. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems allow managers to review sales, costs and other operating metrics on one integrated software platform, usually in real time. An ERP system may replace dozens of legacy systems for finance, human resources and other functional areas, thus making internal processes more efficient and cost-effective. Cost Efficiencies Although the initial IT implementation costs can be substantial, the resulting long-term cost savings are usually worth the investment. IT allows companies to reduce transaction and implementation costs. For example, the cost of a desktop computer today is a fraction of what it was in the early 1980s, and yet the computers are considerably more powerful. IT-based productivity solutions, from word processing to email, have allowed companies to save on the costs of duplication and postage, while maintaining and improving product quality and customer service. Competitive Advantage Cost savings, rapid product development and process improvements help companies gain and maintain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. If a smartphone competitor announces a new device with innovative touch-screen features, the competitors must quickly follow suit with similar products or risk losing market share. Companies can use rapid prototyping, software simulations and other IT-based systems to bring a product to market cost effectively and quickly. Globalization Companies that survive in a competitive environment usually have the operational and financial flexibility to grow locally and then internationally. IT is at the core of operating models essential for globalization, such as telecommuting and outsourcing. A company can outsource most of its noncore functions, such as human resources and finances, to offshore companies and use network technologies to stay in contact with its overseas employees, customers and suppliers.

Gun control does not reduce violence Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Gun control does not reduce violence - Thesis Example Gun control is seriously considered as one of the solutions to end violence because it is thought of as tool of violence, it being a weapon that can indeed harm, mutilate and even kill an individual. This concern is not without basis because there are incidences of crimes and violence that are gun related. The proponents of this solution posit that if the tools or weapons that were used in those crimes and incidence of violence did not become available, then violence will be reduced. While this may seem to be a plausible solution to reducing violence, gun control may pose a problem of infringing on our basic rights as Americans to bear arms as stated in the Second Amendment of the Bill of Rights contained in the Constitution of the United States of America. The Second Amendment contained in the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of the United States exegetes that â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed†.... tate regulation such as a provision in the Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975 law in the District of Columbia that requires all firearms including rifles and shotguns to be kept "unloaded and disassembled or bound by a trigger lock. The Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975 also contained a provision that prohibits the residents of the District of Columbia from owning handguns except those that were registered prior to 1975. As expected, the law was challenged and was elevated in the Supreme Court. Until finally on June 26, 2008 the Supreme Court made a decision to affirm the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in Heller v. District of Columbia. The Court of Appeals had initially made a decision to remove two provisions in the Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975 as unconstitutional. The provisions that were removed as unconstitutional were the provision that prohibits the residence of District of Columbia from the ownership of handguns except prior 1975 and the provis ion that requires all firearms to be "unloaded and disassembled or bound by a trigger lock" at all times. The decision elaborated that the Second Amendment â€Å"protects an individual right to bear arms† further stating its decision was "premised on the private use of arms for activities such as hunting and self-defense, the latter being understood as resistance to either private lawlessness or the depredations of a tyrannical government† (Library of Congress, 2012). Further, this right help preserve a citizen militia â€Å"the activities [the Amendment] protects are not limited to militia service, nor is an individual's enjoyment of the right contingent upon his or her continued or intermittent enrollment in the militia." (Guncite.com, 2010). With regard to handgun ownership, the Supreme

NO topic - But it's a subject about URBAN PLANNING Essay

NO topic - But it's a subject about URBAN PLANNING - Essay Example This paper will look into transportation planning, growth management, defense privileges, structural unemployment and its importance for local economic development, challenges to regional planning, and the planning differences between the USA and other nations. Transportation facilitates the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It also controls the growth and economic patterns by facilitating land access. Transportation planning identifies the vital relationship between transportation and other societal objectives. Many urban areas are faced with the problem of traffic congestion. The extensive freeways may provide different collector and express paths to split through traffic from narrow traffic, or individual high-tenure vehicle paths, either as a distinct control on the innermost road or a split roadway, to facilitate easy movement. Induced demand is brought about by reduction in the efficient transport cost instigated by the new infrastructure making movement more suitable. Trucks make up for about 10% of motor vehicles on the road. Trucks are essential to the economy and welfare of society. Business is dictated by trucking, and the logistics sector specifically relies on road transport for picking up commodities and delivering them. Other than pickup and delivery, the truck provides’ other services such as fire protection and snow removal. Growth management refers to methods utilized by the government to make certain that as the population increases their requirements are fulfilled through set up services. The services not only encompass those provided by the government. Other requirements such as the preservation of the natural environment, provision of proper and affordable facilities for accommodation and housing, deliverance of services, maintenance of monuments and museums and creation of spaces for undertaking business

Escherichia Coli bacterium Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Escherichia Coli bacterium - Research Paper Example This bacterium is not completely aerobic that is it can survive in the presence of oxygen and it also has the capability to exist in the absence of oxygen by the process of fermentation. E. coli also has the property of movement though there are certain forms of the bacteria that form exceptions and do not move. The mobility is provided to it by flagellum, which is referred to as peritrichous flagella that is present on all sides of the bacteria. The bacterium does not have the property of forming spores. The bacterium has three antigens present. The antigen which is present on the cell wall of the bacteria is the â€Å"O† antigen, the antigen which is present on the flagellum is the â€Å"H† antigen and the antigen which is found on the capsule of the bacteria is the â€Å"K† antigen. These antigens have great variability with each of them existing in many different forms. This is the reason that E. coli exists in many different forms (Charles Davis; This bacter ia has been associated with many pathological conditions which include the inflammation of the gall bladder, inflammation of the biliary tract, infections of the urinary tract and the blood as well as diarrhea particularly traveler’s diarrhea.... E. coli is also listed as an infection which occurs in the hospital settings and has been associated with an average of 31 percent hospital acquired infections in the United States as well as a cause of diarrhea in 4 percent of the people. The meningeal inflammation that results due to E. coli should not be overlooked because it accounts for 8 percent of the deaths due to this condition and it can also result in pathological conditions of the nervous system (Science Daily; WHO 2005). Pathogenesis: The diarrhea that occurs due to the E. coli is caused by four classes of this bacterium which function in different ways. The first one is the Enteropathogenic E. coli that affect usually infants below the age of two years and hence occurrences are mostly reported from maternity homes. This group of E.coli has the capability of binding to the cells of the intestine and destructs its microvillus which leads to diarrhea. The spread occurs through the consumption of water or via the food that infants consume. (Charles Davis; WHO 2005). The next group of E. coli is Enterocytotoxigenic E. coli. This group is the major cause for traveler’s diarrhea in all age groups. It produces exotoxins which are known as heat labile and heat stable exotoxins. They have an effect on adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively. These enzymes lead to a cascade of reactions which cause retention of fluid and electrolytes with the passage of the intestine. This is turn results in diarrhea. The cause for this infection is also via the dietary intake. The world health organization has reported that this group of E. coli accounts for a mortality rate which is very

Geography of Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Geography of Industry - Essay Example As the paper highlights the benefits also extend far beyond Fort McMurray through Alberta and Canada to the rest of the world, in form of labor imported to the to the oil sands, equipment manufactured abroad, oil supplies to international market, and benchmarking innovative technologies such as in-situ bitumen extraction. Therefore, developing strategies to deal with the high population to support oil production is an issue that involves a vast array of stakeholders.This discussion stresses that immense oil sands growth has brought about wealth and prosperity for the residents of Fort McMurray but at a much greater cost than one would think. Many issues have arisen from the increased development and population growth in the region. Growing concerns of pollution due to the high population and the emissions of greenhouse gases are a hot topic in the Kyoto accord ratification. The Athabasca oil sands are a major contributor to CO2 emission in Canada, emitting about 26 million metric ton s per year, a figure that is expected to grow substantially in the future. Besides, the area has experienced poor sewerage due to the high populations.  The oil sands also lie on aboriginal land, creating animosity with the native populations, and creating difficulties in acquiring new land for expansion. According to Melissa Blake, mayor of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, the high commuter within Fort McMurray creates unruly bumper-to-bumper traffic during peak hours.  

Not sure yet Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Not sure yet - Scholarship Essay Example I am very confident that this scholarship opportunity will offer me the right package to fulfill my dream. My career goals include balancing work with other personal activities, acquiring sufficient expertise in my field so that I may start my hospital, choosing a hobby I am passionate about, managing time properly, and saving enough money to enjoy a comfortable retirement. My greatest inspiration is the passion I have for the course. The second one is my good academic performance coupled with massive experiences gathered over time because I used to volunteer in childcare and adult centers. Coming from a low-income family, I lack enough cash flow to allow me support my college expenses. I need to work to support myself, the family and also to pay my college education. Financial hardships I am experiencing demand that I will work at least a day in a week to meet my necessities such as food, book and gas expenses, even if am awarded the scholarship. Even though I obtained a loan through financial aid, I still need financial assistance to enable me concentrate in order to keep my grades high. Coming from a family of four, coupled with the fact that my husband too has a low-income job, we have to contribute to meet family bills. My family is very supportive of my pursuit for education, and this too is one of my sources of motivation. Having to work to raise some income is a great challenge regarding my pursuit for education. My family has decided to forego entertainment and vacation for some time to save some money for my necessities. Despite many challenges, I still managed to achieve an excellent academic performance. I managed to attain a GPA of 3.45 in my last semester at school. I have also tried to save some money for my education. In addition, I took out a personal loan and still I am not able to cover this $40,000 program. I also got good grades are my high school. Money situations forced me to put my life on hold despite the high

Information Technology in Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information Technology in Healthcare - Essay Example As the paper highlights obtaining images of X-ray from Radiology Information System (RIS) a component of eHealth requires access to the site. An x-ray taken today can be shared and deliberated as soon as it is available electronically.  From this research it is clear that  to obtain x-ray image from PACS, a client of physician should have correct credentials for the search. Firstly, the client establishes network connection with PACS server. Second step involves preparing C-MOVE or C-GET request message through filling C-MOVE requisition, which should be matched with those in the server. The request is sent and a feedback is given in a list of DICOM attributes. From the feedback, the client extract images. Often takes approximately less than 10 minutes depending on the network strengths. The major errors encountered when getting images from EHR includes patient identification errors. These errors occur as a result of incorrect information is used to link an individual to an actio n. It causes a mismatch between patient and the care plan. Another error occurs during patient journey, and as a result repetition of images may occur. Lastly, the flow of patient identification mismatch occurs at the initial stage of data entry. When using PACs, the common errors is the hanging protocol display, which causes retrieving of images to take unnecessarily longer. Since the images are not organized by default, identification and processing of images may result in misalignment, which is a potential error.  

Information Technology in Transport and Logistics Essay

Information Technology in Transport and Logistics - Essay Example This essay focuses on discussing the application of IT solutions to transportation and logistics that can improve their efficiency and to bring about better management of highways, shipping, airfreight, railroad and public transportation systems. The researcher also analyzes that it can help ease traffic congestion, enhance the efficiency and productivity of transportation services and logistics, and more significantly reduce costs. As it's observed in the essay, sustainable transportation in an age today when energy prices are uncertain but broadly increasing requires that efforts be made to shift passenger and goods transport to cheaper means of transportation. The application of IT solutions to large-scale transportation and logistic systems has certainly produced increased efficiencies even today, particularly in order booking and tracking, vehicle navigation, route planning, and safety and control systems. However, the researcher states that there is still more room for making s uch applications wider across the globe in future in tune with the rapid strides in information and communication technologies and the Internet revolution. Information technologies also need to be capable of graceful scalability when applied to traffic control, logistic management or vehicle system. In addition, many logistics and transportation companies serve a large clientele, transparency of information about real-time operations can also make a difference to clients, particularly in scheduling and tracking shipments.

Dieting Programs and Theories ( argument paper) Research Paper

Dieting Programs and Theories ( argument ) - Research Paper Example In this effect, the earth’s atmosphere functions like the glass pane of a greenhouse. It permits some solar radiation to reach the earth. The earth absorbs this energy which is transformed into heat. This heat is then reflected back into space. However, the atmosphere contains heat absorbing gases, such as CO2, water vapor, methane and nitrous oxide, which trap this out-going energy and form a blanket to keep the earth warm and habitable. In recent decades, there is an unnatural, growing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leading to a rise in the average temperature of the earth (Environmental Protection Agency web site). Contrary to what skeptics claim, Global Warming is real and it is man-made. Skeptics argue that there is no abnormal rise in the earth’s surface temperature. They claim that temperature variations are merely a part of the natural cycle of the earth. This is refuted by scientific evidence. The United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), constituted of reputed scientists from 113 countries, states in its report of February 2007 that the â€Å"Average Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the second half of the 20th century were --- the highest in at least the past 1300 years† (IPCC, 30). The report documents irrefutable, scientific evidence of the widespread increases in global average air and ocean temperatures. In the last fifty years of the twentieth century, hot days and nights have become more frequent over land areas. There is a rapid melting of glaciers and sea ice leading to an average increase of 3.1 mm/year in the global sea level since 1993. Areas under drought conditions have increased. There are pronou nced changes in natural ecosystems, and in seasonal events, such as the early greening of flora, and bird migration. The bleaching and disintegration of coral reefs demonstrates the rises in the surface

Plato Apology Essay Example for Free

Plato Apology Essay The Apology is Plato’s accurate depiction of the Socrates’ own defense at the trial provoked by Meletus. However, besides current accusers, Socrates has to speak out to defense against former accusers who have created prejudices of him for long time. Former accusers prosecute Socrates for â€Å"studying things in the sky and below the earth† and â€Å"[making] the worse into the stronger argument† (Plato 18b-c). Moreover, Meletus, who is one of recent accusers, charges Socrates of â€Å"[corrupting] the young and not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in new spiritual things† (Plato 24c). The dialogue between Socrates and the jury as well as Meletus describes the true personality of Socrates and answers the question if Socrates is guilty or innocent of those charges. First, Socrates is accused of studying â€Å"things in the sky and things below the earth† (Plato 23d). In this time period, Athenian people believe that gods are the ones who create and rule the world. Everyone must believe in and worship with no doubt. Therefore, if anyone tries to study and explain matters in terms of natural phenomenon instead of religious belief, he or she is immediately charged of not believing in gods and receives punishments from whole society. In this case, older accusers believe that what Socrates is doing is as same as other philosophers who trying to oppose religious belief and negatively impact the society. This is reflected by the comedy of Aristophanes depicting Socrates as a person who has ability to â€Å"walk on air† and present â€Å"a lot of other nonsense† matters (Plato 19c). However, Socrates proves that he is not that type of person and he does not have any knowledge of those matters by saying â€Å"I do not speak in contempt of such knowledge† and asking if anyone has ever heard him discussing about these subjects (Plato 19d). In fact, Socrates’ occupation is a wisdom searcher who dedicates his life to find wise men and to discuss about virtues (Poage). Therefore, the first accusation is not true, and Socrates is not guilty because Socrates does not â€Å"[study] things in the sky and things below earth† to oppose the trust of gods. Second, the earlier accusers prosecute Socrates for â€Å"[making] the worse into the stronger argument† as many Sophists do (Plato 18b-c). The accusers claim that Socrates is one of many Sophists who are â€Å"very good speakers. Indeed, they [have] reputations for being able to convince a crowd that up [is] down, that day [is] night, that the wrong answer could be the right answer, that good [is] bad and bad is good, even that injustice is justice and justice would be made to appear as injustice† (Pecorino). Furthermore, Sophists are paid for delivering speech and only care about winning debates and lawsuits more than anything else. Thus, most of them are feared and hated by Athenian people. Nevertheless, Socrates distinguish himself from Sophists by giving evidence that he â€Å"live[s]in great poverty because of [his] service to the god† (Plato 23b). While Sophists such as Gorgias of Leontini, Producs of Ceos, and Hippias of Elis charge fee for their services, Socrates never asks or receive money from anyone whom he approaches and asks questions regarding to wisdom and virtue. Unlike Sophists who are wealth and famous, Socrates is so poor because of his free service. In addition, Socrates’ intention is to help other people understand virtue and become wiser rather than teaching them how to become good speakers as Sophists do. Therefore, Socrates is not guilty of â€Å"[making] the worse into the stronger argument† (Plato 18b-c). Another charged brought by later accusers against Socrates is â€Å"corrupting the young† (Plato 23d). Socrates teaches his young men be wiser and think about themselves. This annoys the Athenian government and officials because they think those young could break the laws and create rumor among the society. Hence, Meletus prosecutes Socrates for teaching the young to go against the government and emphasizes that all the Athenians make the young become better except Socrates (Plato 25b). In order to reverse that accusation, Socrates uses example of horse breeders who are trained and have experience to take care of horses and make them better while the majority lacking of skills and knowledge cannot. As a result, it is impossible for all the Athenians to know what benefits the young. Only Socrates who has knowledge and skills is able to teach the best for the young. Moreover, Socrates indicates that no one wants to harm oneself; neither does Socrates. If he intentionally corrupts the young, he is putting himself at risk because â€Å"the wicked people do some harm to their closest neighbors while good people do them good† (Plato 25e). Therefore, it is impossible for Socrates to teach the young in the way to harm him. After Socrates disproves Metelus’ charge, he criticizes Metelus’ prosecuting procedure. If Socrates harms the young unintentionally, Metelus has to â€Å"get hold of [Socrates] privately, instruct and exhort [Socrates]† (Plato 26). In contrast, Meletus brings Socrates straight to the court â€Å"where the law requires one to bring those who are in need of punishment, not of instruction† (Plato 26). As a result, Socrates again shows that he is not guilty. The last accusation brought against Socrates is â€Å"not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other new spiritual things† (Plato 24c). In order to prove that Socrates does not trust in gods, Meletus states that Socrates â€Å"says that the sun is stone, and the moon earth† (Plato 26d). If Socrates does say this statement, he denies the presence of Apollo the god of the sun and the presence of Selene the goddess of the moon. Nevertheless, Socrates claims that Anaxagoras of Clazomenae is actually the one who said those matters. Moreover, Socrates catches Meletus’s contradiction when he claims that Socrates does not trust in gods. To make Meletus admit his contradiction, Socrates asks Meletus â€Å"[d]oes any man believe in spiritual activities who does not believe in spirits? † and Meletus answers there is no one (Plato 27c). Socrates believes in the Oracle of Delphi which is related to spiritual activities, and everyone in Athens including Meletus knows that. This means that Meletus agrees that Socrates also believe in spirits which are â€Å"either gods or the children of gods† (Plato 27d). Now, Meletus contradicts himself by saying Socrates believe in gods. Consequently, Socrates successfully shows Meletus’s false and prove that he not guilty of the charge. In conclusion, Socrates is not guilty of the charges from the earlier accusers as well as the recent ones. Socrates provides many evidences and uses his excellent argument skill to prove that he is innocent, but the jury still is not convinced and sentences him to death. What Socrates does is not harmful to anyone in Athens; he only try to question about wisdom and discuss about ethics in order to find the answer for the Oracle. Socrates teaches his students to realize that they are not wise as they thought and show them the way to better themselves by seeking more wisdom. Unfortunately, jealous people and conservative culture does not understand his divine destiny and fallaciously accuse him like a criminal. Works Cited Pecorino, Philip A. An Introduction to Philosophy: An Online Textbook. Study Web. n. d. Web. 13 July 2013. Plato. Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo. 2nd ed. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 2002. Print. Poage, Nathan. Apology Outline. Behavioral Social Sciences Department. Houston Community College. n. d. Web. 13 July 2013.

Wake and Bake Essay Example for Free

Wake and Bake Essay In America the use and sell of recreational marijuana is illegal and taking seriously by authorities. Over half of the people in the USA smoke or have smoked marijuana. Marijuana is a plan that can be grown almost anywhere and can be smoke to experience relaxation. Marijuana should be legal to the people of America because this is a free country and if the vote is more than fifty percent that means the majority of people want it to be legal. The people of America should not hide the use of marijuana any longer. Using marijuana should not be frowned upon because it has never killed a single human being. If this drug has not killed anyone then why is it still illegal? Tobacco and alcohol have killed over 555,000 people a year according to the CDC. Tobacco and alcohol are somehow legal to a of age adult so why cant marijuana? People need to realize that marijuana is a soft drug as to wear its harmful effects fall under caffeine. You are at more risk if you have too much coffee compared to too much marijuana. Its mind blowing to think about this because caffeine is a drug that can kill a person and it is legal and marijuana is a drug that is illegal and has never killed anyone. A lot of kids don’t know where they are getting their weed. Drug dealers don’t really care about whom they are giving drugs to either; they are just in it for the money. If marijuana became legal there would be no more drug dealers but professional licensed weed distributers. People who smoke would know exactly where their product is coming from and would be dealing with people who care about their product. People will not be going to the hospitals because their weed dealer put another drug in their weed to make it weight more. The weed distributors would only sell weed to adults who are of age, just as they do with the sale of alcohol and cigarettes. Too many people now a days get put in jail for the use of marijuana. Innocent people in jail for smoking pot? What were these people doing wrong? Where they disturbing the peace? Hurting anyone? No they were smoking pot to relax and they got thrown in jail with real criminals who have killed people, robbed people, people who are out of their mind. Marijuana needs to become legal and people who have been put in jail because of it don’t deserver to be put through that. In the end people will do what they want in this world but they will have to keep away from cops and other authority when they smoke. Washington and Colorado are the only two states in America that allow the use of recreational marijuana. This is a big step for our country and I hope other states follow in their foot steps.

Teleological Argument on the Existence of God

Teleological Argument on the Existence of God In todays society there are many arguments surrounding the question does God exist?. One of these is the teleological argument. The world around us is very intricate, from snowflakes to plain old rocks, much like the items we ourselves create. Many people nowadays and throughout history (myself included) noticed this trend and think about how our world is structured and detailed in a way that when studied closely, looks as though it mustve been designed in order to exist at all. Nothing we create that is complex (a computer chip/watch) is there by chance, they had to be designed, it had to be intricately placed together in order to create said object. If this is true of manmade objects, then surely everything that surrounds has to be created by an intelligent being too? These thoughts were brought together by William Paley and form what is known as the teleological argument in philosophy. A rock is just as complicated and mosaic like as a watch that has been painstakingly designed by hand when viewed on a quantum level, this idea is fully explained and examined in the watchmakers analogy which suggests that if a watch was designed, then surely all that is intricate in nature must surely have an ultimate creator. Paley himself began to consider this argument while thinking about religion, how God fits into the creation of the universe and everything in it. The theory that all things must be created, otherwise known as the intelligent design theory, has been debated and supported by numerous philosophers throughout the ages, from St Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century, through the movement in the 16th and 17th centuries led by the likes of William Derham, to modern day philosophical theorists and evolutionary biologists such as eminent atheist Richard Dawkins. The earliest cited versions of this argument are associated with Socrates in ancient Greece, although it has bee n argued that his ideas were influenced by earlier philosophical arguments. Plato, his student, and Aristotle, developed complex methodologies around the idea that the universe has an intelligent designer. William Paley was an English churchman and Christian apologist who lived in the mid-18th century to the early 19th century, his treatise and lectures (that were delivered to such notable philosophers as John Locke) on moral philosophy, concerned themselves with proving the existence of God. He believed that the complexity and order of all things could not have come about as a matter of chance, and that all things within the universe seem to have been designed with a purpose in mind. In Paleys mind the only thing that would make sense in order to explain this would be a God, the Christian God of his religion. This is in direct opposition to Darwins theory of natural selection and evolution. Using the watchmakers analogy Paley suggested The marks of design are too strong to be got over. Design must have had a designer. That designer must have been a person. That person is GOD. In this theory the watch is a metaphor for the universe; God is to the universe as Watchmaker is to the watch. Even if we didnt know where the watch from the analogy came from, we could still infer that it was made by someone or something with a specific purpose in mind because of its complexity and function. This can be transferred to the origin/creation of the universe and things we cant yet explain and since we have no definitive answers as to how to universe was created, we can assume the same. Paley did not accept that the existence of things such as natural disasters or immorality in the world as a counter argument for his theory or as evidence of a creators malicious intent or bad design. After all, even the most intricately designed things can be broken or go wrong in certain circumstances. A watch, despite its intricate design might sometimes malfunction which does not disprove the fact it had been created with intent and purpose. He believed that everything in the universe (natural or man-made) has an order. For example, the galaxy orbits its centre, just as the planets orbit the sun and an electron orbits an atom. Everything has a pattern, a structure, no matter how simple or intricate it is; they are in everything you look at or do. This order, Paley argued, is proof of his argument saying that God exists and is the ultimate creator of everything. The Scottish philosopher David Hume, who was a relative contemporary to Paley, disagreed with the idea of the intelligent design argument being proof of Gods existence, which he thought had a complete lack of evidence. Hume strongly believed in empiricism (that everything comes from our senses) and thought that rational thought and the laws of nature proved that miracles werent a possibility. He also argued that an orderly universe was not proof of a creator and that even if there was a God, supreme deity or designer we couldnt possibly know anything about it or prove its existence. He thought that if there was a creator, why did it have to be God? Could there be more than one creator/God? The design argument does nothing to prove the existence of God in the traditional sense, that being a God who is omnipotence, omniscience, and omnipresence (all good, all knowing and always there). Perhaps this deity isnt the ultimate being and the design argument does nothing to either prove or di sprove the existence of an all-powerful God. The fact that evil exists in any form and is everywhere, suggests that God is either all-powerful but not completely good or he has good intentions but is not able to eradicate evil and isnt all-powerful. Hume uses this as counter-argument to the idea of an omniscient God as an all-good and kind god wouldnt inflict needless pain on people/sentient beings that have done nothing wrong. It doesnt make sense, why would God make us with the ability to choose good or evil in order to allow us to receive eternal life and then punish us as soon as we make our own choices? If God existed (in the traditional sense) then the existence of evil, even in the tiniest amount, would contradict what the traditional Christian God is known as and stands for because you cannot be all-good, all-powerful and all-present if you allow evil and suffering to occur. Whilst Paleys theory attempts to explain the existence of an ordered and complex universe via his intelligent design argument many other philosophers have disagreed and came up with their own theories (Hume) which counter what Paley argued and tried to explain. Hume doesnt deny that there is a God or intelligent designer, but he discredits Paley by talking about rational thought and the problem of evil which seems to further pull apart Paleys already rather flawed argument. He also disputed the assumption that everything that exists must have a creator or a cause for existence. Primarily, Hume argued that a theory represented as a best possible explanation, such as Paleys, showed a complete lack of evidence to support it and instead raised many more questions than it answered. To conclude, I do not believe that the teleological argument proves or disproves the existence of God, I do however believe that it is a matter of perspective and personal judgement when it comes down to which side to believe/be on. Humes argument seems to me to be the more logical argument between the two, as it has less loopholes and flaws when compared to the teleological side. However, contrary to his reputation as The Great Infidel, Hume did nor categorically deny the existence of God, but argued that it cannot either be proved, nor disproved, which allows room for interpretation depending on your viewpoint.

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Over the years, our accounting system has evolved from the tedious task of manual accounting to the ease of computerized accounting systems and programs. Computerized accounting has brought about a more efficient way of setting up and maintaining a company’s financial records. In previous years accountants would spend copious amounts of time manually recording business transactions through journalizing, posting to ledgers and mathematically checking each journal and ledger for errors. This process was necessary in order to compile data needed to produce financial reports and statements. The number of manual entries were so numerous that the margin of error was significantly increased. Simple mistakes, such as transposing a number or incorrectly recording a transaction in the wrong column could create a ripple effect of errors throughout each journal, ledger, or report issued for that period. The process of tracking one simple sales transaction was incredible compared to today’s accounting software. Manually, the transaction might begin with an invoice or sales receipt which beg...

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Soccer Supporters Community The word community is primarily referred to our association with a neighborhood, town or city. But besides its dictionary definition, a community is also what holds a certain group of people together based on their interests, beliefs, practices and values. The world is conformed by many of these communities, but there is one that stands out because of its enormity and the passion that is shared within its members, the soccer supporters community. Soccer supporters are the most diehard fans in the sports world; their love and enthusiasm towards a soccer club is beyond normal and their distinctive practices makes them a worldwide community. This community is mainly defined by the devotion soccer fans have towards their favorite club and the things they’re willing to do to support their team at every game. This unique fanaticism makes them different from other sports supporters. The set of practices and habits that soccer supporters carry out are things like wearing the jersey of your team at all games, create banners on support, sing chants to motivate your team, travel to the away games, watch other soccer leagues, play soccer, stay tuned on what is going in the soccer world, but overall respect the game. Needless to say, every community has a sense of stability that declares what is acceptable and what is not. That stability is possible thanks to a community’s traditions and behaviors that must be followed by those who belong to them, and in this case, soccer supporters are not the exception. As Eduardo Galleano once said, â€Å"in life a man can change wives, political parties, or religions, but he cannot change his favorite football team,† and that’s is the number one principle of a soccer supporter, t... ... World Cup champions, their support and passion are going to be at the highest possible level. This amount of fervor is what holds the community together. Therefore the soccer supporters community is about love, respect, passion, loyalty, commitment and many other qualities that bring people from all round the globe together that share the same love for a sport. There are standards of behaviors and traditions that must be followed in order to have a sense of stability within the community. As I mentioned before, one of the main purposes of this community is to prevent every aspect that can spoil the image of the game, and lastly supporters must take advantage of such events like the World Cup, in order to interact and relate with supporters of other teams, so that all supporters share the love for the game, enjoy the game, respect the game and live for the game.