The Violence Of Black Men And Women - 1436 Words

Yes all lives matter, however, a pattern of black men and women have been murdered by police brutality; therefore, we need to concentrate on preserving Black at this moment. At this very moment, in the United States, there have been destructive riots and peaceful protest from all races but mostly African Americans because we continue to witness our black men and women die from police brutality without justice being served. It is significant that whoever wins the presidential Election will take steps in assuring that all people especially black people are protected by the police and not murdered by them. It is important that this president take steps in assuring that the justice system will began to be just in cases such as the Treyvon Martin, Eric Garner and Sarah Bland. It is important the president ensures that officers are properly trained when it comes to dealing with those who are unarmed for the simple fact that there are other methods to arresting a person that is unarmed wit hout killing them. It is prominent that the President search for other solutions that will decrease the amount of police brutality that is inflicted on African Americans on a day to day basis. Because quite frankly, we are disgusted and angry, and tired of seeing youth die for ridiculous reasons. To begin with, there’s the case of Treyvon Martin a seventeen year old high school student who resided in Florida. In 2012, Martin was visiting his father’s house while walking to his father’s house,Show MoreRelatedBlack Women And Domestic Violence Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesBlack women experience a lot of things in life differently from others, because of their intersectionality of being not only a woman, but also black. They are a double minority and they feel this double minority through many different aspects within their lives. The aspect that black women deal with differently, is domestic violence. Black women experience and deal with domestic violence differently than white women, and anyone who else experience domestic violence. Through this paper I would likeRead MoreHow Has White Patriarchy Affected Black Masculinity?1339 Words   |  6 Pages100987702 WGST 2811–A01 Masculinities Essay: How has white patriarchy affected black masculinity? White patriarchy has strongly affected black masculinity in many ways. Historically, as slaves black men were taught that dominance and patriarchal control over women was their right, and an integral part of masculinity.1 Living in white patriarchal society, where powerful white men are the standard of masculinity, many black men may struggle to find an identity which reflects themselves in a society whereRead MoreRap Music And Its Influence On African American Youth1705 Words   |  7 Pagesyouthful audience. Three constant themes that are found within the rap culture are encouragement of violence, the misogynistic representation of women, an extreme hatred of homophobia. Each theme plays a detrimental role in the process of defining black masculinity as well as shaping the values, morals, and beliefs that its younger audience adopts after tuning into this â€Å"gangster lifestyle†. Violence is something that has always been associated with masculinity, particularly in the traditional patriarchalRead MoreSexual Violence Against African-American Women: Beyond Slavery, Beyond the Physical1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War literally changed the â€Å"landscape† of America overnight. At least 600,000 men, both Union and Confederate, never returned to their families. Five years of separation forced the North and South to live as â€Å"one†. In theory, slaves became freedmen and equal to their white counterparts. Post-bellum America was difficult for everyone, but it was the South who endured the most hardship. Southern Democrats were now at the mercy of Northern Republicans, forced to rebuild their governments withRead MoreGender Based Discrimination And Social Norms1233 Words   |  5 Pagescommon causes of violence against women. Theoretically, these societal norms that have been in grated to us since childhood lead us to believe that the male gender has the right to do whatever they want while at the same time restrict the female gender from doing the same or condemn or punish them if they fail to obey such stigmas. So far, efforts have only focused on responses and services for survivors; given the devastating effect violence has on women. Preventing the violence from happening inRead MoreAnalysis Of Bell Hook s We Real Cool : Black Men And Masculinity840 Words   |  4 PagesBell Hook’s We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity, the culprit to the Black Lives Matter (â€Å"BLM†) movement is masculine patriarchy which, in turn, reinforces racism and oppression. However, the general public fails to recognize that the Black Lives Matter Movement stemmed from oppression to black males, not the black community as a whole. Furthermore, even though this movement is intended to fight anti-Black racism, it is attempting to focus on the empowerment of black women. A. BLM History The BLMRead MoreRap Music Is Not The Only Type Of American Music Associated With Sex And Violence1508 Words   |  7 PagesRap music is not the only type of American music associated with sex and violence. The history of Rock’s Roll for example, is a good example. The same arrangements, with white people at the top, uplifted an entire American generation on sex and violence in other types of music. Now they are doing the same with rap music (Roberts, 1994). Rappers have thus been forced to abandon the stated goal of their humble beginning to conform to the marketable aspects of their crafts. (Rebollo-Gil Moras, 2012)Read MoreThe Primary Goals Of The South1623 Words   |  7 Pagestraining and job placement of the newly freed men. Not the freedmen as a whole but specifically the freed men. There was no effort or attention given to the more than one million women who too were freed, it is in this action where we find the marginalization of the minority within the minority be gins. In her memoirs, Sophia B Packard, Co-founder of Spelman College, an all-girl historically black college, described the deplorable conditions of black women in the south, stating that many of them wereRead MoreGender And Gender Violence1482 Words   |  6 PagesGender-based violence is the unequal power relationships between men and women. It includes rape, sexual assault and harassment, domestic abuse, and stalking. Gender violence reflects the idea that violence is often used to uphold structural gender inequalities. Gender violence includes all types of violence against men, women, children, gay, lesbian, and transgender people. Gender violence may be experienced differently based on the social variables of race, age, gender, social class or anotherRead MoreAnalysis Of Bell Hooks s We Real Cool : Black Men And Masculinity951 Words   |  4 PagesAs echoed in Bell Hooks’s We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity, the culprit to the Black Lives Matter (â€Å"BLM†) movement is masculine patriarchy which , in turn, reinforces racism and oppression. The general public fails to recognize that BLM stemmed from oppression to black males, not the black community as a whole. Furthermore, even though this movement is intended to fight anti-Black racism, it is focusing on the empowerment of black women. A. BLM History The BLM movement initially emerged in

Biology Form 4 - 1909 Words

Biology Form 4 Chapter 2 – Cell Structure and Organisation Plant Cell  © Amir Fuhaira 2008†20XX. Nak guna boleh, nak copy minta izin. Kalau tak boleh blah. Animal Cell Biology Form 4 Chapter 2 – Cell Structure and Organisation Cell Components – 1. The Nucleus – Cell Prime Minister and Info Storage a. Large, dense, spherical organelle b. Enclosed by double membrane (nuclear membrane) c. Has nucleoplasm, dark sphere (nucleolus) d. Chromatin (uncondensed chromosome) in nucleoplasm e. Chromosomes carry genetic information that determine cell characteristic + function f. Controls all cell activities 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – Highway + Ribosomes – Factory Workers†¦show more content†¦reproduces by binary fission, but produces spores when cannot do binary fission †¢ †¢ †¢  © Amir Fuhaira 2008†20XX. Nak guna boleh, nak copy minta izin. Kalau tak boleh blah. Biology Form 4 Chapter 2 – Cell Structure and Organisation Multicellular †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Cells grow, change shape and differentiate in multicellular organisms. Mature cells carry out different functions, like different medical specialists are experts in their field, like a cardiologist in the heart, the neurologist in the brain, etc. They undergo specialization to carry out their functions more efficiently. Organisation is in this form: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Cells that carry out a function are grouped into tissues. Different tissues that carry out a function are grouped into an organ. Several organs that contribute to one section of anShow MoreRelatedRevision Exercise Form 4 Biology4906 Words   |  20 PagesTick (v) if it is a true statement. Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Cell Organisation 1. The cell is the basic unit of life for all organisms. 2. All cells have the same shape and size. 3. All cells have a plasma membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm. 4. Protoplasm consists of a plasma membrane and nucleus. 5. The nucleus consists of chromosomes and a nucleolus. 6. Organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell include the nucleus, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.Read MoreThe Occupational Characteristics of Microbiology761 Words   |  3 Pages Graduating from The University at Albany’s Biology program provides a wide selection of job opportunities upon leaving college. While students have the option of picking from a B.A. or a B.S., the focus of a B.S. in biology has more scientific purposes. Graduation requirements are difficult, but certainly not impossible, requiring 67-68 credits over 4 years. These credits include 36 biology credits, 16 chemistry credits, 8 math credits and 8 physics credits. The job opportunities that becomeRead MoreExploring Biology854 Words   |  4 PagesAP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 1: Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 1: Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Begin your study of biology this year by reading Chapter 1. It will serve as a reminder about biological concepts that you may have learned in an earlier course and give you an overview of what you will study this year. 1. In the overview, Figure 1.3 recalls manyRead MoreReport on School Science Fair631 Words   |  3 Pagesscience related experiments to the students. The experiments were based on form 5 and form 4 practical books. The science fair was conducted by teachers from science department and was divided into three different subjects; physics, chemistry and biology. The objectives of the science fair are; 1. One of the programme during the activity week. 2. As a teaching platform to introduce physics, chemistry, and biology subject to lower secondary and for further understanding in the science subjectsRead MoreWhat Color Bead Bug?1042 Words   |  5 Pageswhich organisms have changed over time† (Biology 450). Charles Darwin is responsible for discovering the the theory of evolution (Biology 450). Darwin was a naturalist and a scientist. He created the theory of evolution, by sailing around the world on The Beagle (Biology 451). While sailing, he filled a notebook with observations and discoveries of the different habitats and environments (Biology 451). His studies of organisms around the world led him to form his theory of evolution and his views onRead MoreTest 12 Different Aqueous Solutions Containing Macromolecules1062 Words   |  5 Pagesthis creates a tight helix and this turns the solution black/ dark blue.(Ophardt, 2003) The way Glycogen is identified is when the solution turns reddish-brown. Glycogen is very sim ilar to amylopectin as it is made up of alpha glucose units joined at 1-4 and 1-6 and it is a branched structure. (Toole, 2004) Iodine affects glycogen similarly as it does amylose. The second test that is being preformed is the Benedict’s test, this test if for reducing sugars in the solutions. A carbohydrate that has aRead MorePhotosynthesis Is Essential For The Life Of The Cell1049 Words   |  5 Pagesthe cell. Photosynthesis is represented by the chemical equation, 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2. The equation shows that carbon dioxide, water, and light react to form glucose (a carbohydrate) and oxygen. Each year, photosynthesis is responsible for ten percent of the atmospheric carbon dioxide on earth being reduced to form glucose (Whitmarsh and Govindjee). Photosynthesis is essential for the life of the cell because it provides energy for the cell to do all of its biological needs. PhotosynthesisRead MoreIntroduction to Prokaryotes Lab Report1283 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Prokaryotes in Different Temperature Environments Angelina Orozco Biology 1108 Wednesday 7:30 am Abstract Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that can survive in extreme environments. Bacteria is the more numerous type of prokaryotes. The group hypothesizes that the samples taken from different environments will all cultivate diverse morphology in fast growing rates in each environment. The aseptic technique was used to cultivate bacteria from different environments. TheRead MoreProcess Of Dividing Body Cells And Their Nuclei Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesYahya Bello Homework 1 Mitosis: can be defined as the process of dividing body cells and their nuclei. The body continually produced new cells by splitting from the ones that has already existed. Meiosis: can be defined as a particular form of cell splitting that generates reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg cells, plant and fungal spores. Steps involves in Mitosis Mitosis consists of four basic phases and they include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Figure 1 shows theRead MoreEuthanasia765 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿WILLIAM PATERSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY 1. TITLE OF COURSE AND COURSE NUMBER: BIO 1630; General Biology; Number of Credits: 4 2. DEPARTMENT AND SECRETARYS TELEPHONE NUMBER AND E-MAIL ADDRESS: Biology Department Secretaries: Georgeann Russo, russog@wpunj.edu, 720-2265 Nancy Malba, malban@wpunj.edu, 720-2245 3. SEMESTER OFFERED: Spring 2014 4. PROFESSORS CONTACT INFORMATION Dr. Carey Waldburger Science Hall East Rm 4052, Telephone:

Case Study Samsung Company

Question: Write about the Case Study for Samsung Company. Answer: Samsungs Marketing Communications Its a strategy used by any organization in business to reach their specific target market through different communication types. This strategy is one of the fundamental and complex parts in the Samsungs efforts of marketing its products. This can include branding, viral marketing, direct marketing, advertising, packaging and many public relation activities that aim at attracting more clientele. Through this communication, Samsung has been able to develop brand awareness. This means that consumers are able to make translation of the information available for any product into different perceptions concerning its position in the larger market as well as the products attributes. Samsung has embraced marketing communication so as to retain its current customers base and attract new ones too (www.letsgodigital.org) This strategy has also assisted in the cementing relationships among customers and the relationship among suppliers. It also defines the business plan for Samsung products information dissemination and brand awareness development just the way it does for other businesses. For example, this strategy was successfully used in the launching of Samsung Galaxy s6 with an aim of increasing the market share of the new product. The company achieved this by establishing a prestigious image that made a good representation of smart phones. It also had to target customer retention and loyalty. Samsungs Brand Image and Consumer Brand Awareness Brand Image When it comes to the reinvention of the brand image, Samsung has done an awesome job. It had previously been perceived as a company that sells cheap products with a habit of copycatting versions of the Japanese technology products. But currently Samsung is a brand that is regarded with high respect to the extent that it can now command premiums for most of its products. Samsung has created an image of being more affordable than apple products but it can still evoke an image where its trendy and this is all thanks to its sleek designs. Its also regarded as a reliable brand which has always kept up with current technology (Sustainability report, 2015). Its brand image also evokes superior technology. This company has been able to induce a simple image that is easy to use despite being fond of constantly coming up with products which are packed with state-of-the-art features. This is evident in its global brand simplicity index which ranked high in the year 2013 placing it position eigh t among other companies. In the past few years Samsung has been able to successfully transform its brand image from a value formoney brand to an innovative leader. This has been achieved through the change of its marketing strategy where its currently focusing more on meeting the customers needs (Triggs, p. 2014). Brand equity framework: Salience in the pyramid is represented by customers identity with the product which is quite good globally. Performance and imagery is represented by the meaning of the product to the clients which is quite reliable since its a durable product. Judgments and feelings are represented by the response of the company to the clients concerns. While resonance is how the company and the clients relate which is good as well. Consumer Brand Awareness Consumer brand awareness for Samsung is not ahigh level compared to some of its competitors. Samsung is a brand that is recognized globally when it comes to consumer electronic brands more so in the mobile space and this is regardless of gender race and even age. Samsung also enjoys top up mind unaided recall in this digital era and its second to apple. In the android space, Samsung ranks top in the android space when it comes to brand awareness. However, Samsung slogan has been difficult to recall among consumers and that has been a downside when it comes to Samsung brand awareness. Consumers still find it hard to recall which Samsung slogan is latest even with aided recall (Sustainability report, p. 2015). Over the years Samsung has also been able to evoke many brand associations with some of its functional brand associations being innovation, smart, quality, durable, stylish, up to date sleek and classy. Some of its emotional brand associations include but not limit. In the brand awareness pyramid in relation to Samsung company: Most consumers are aware of the product and can easily recall and recognize the brand. However, the slogan is not easily recognized. Samsungs Brand Meaning Samsungs brand meaning is gotten from Korean language. The word Samsung itself translates as three stars. The name was originally picked by its founder Lee Byung-chull during the early stages of the companys inception. He had the idea of this company becoming powerful and everlasting sometime in the future just as the stars in the sky. The reason for the three symbol s hidden in the Korean language where three is used as a symbol to represent something that is powerful and big. Samsung has indeed lived to this symbol up to date (Adweek, p. 2014). Current IMC Approach to Brand Enhancement Integrated marketing communication is a strategy that Samsung has used to market most of its products through use of different promotional methods which reinforce each other. The main tools used include direct marketing, internet marketing, personal selling, sales promotion, advertising and public relation events (Tibken, p. 2014). Advertisement: Television advertisement has been used to create brand awareness by Samsunglike while launching Galaxy S5 Samsungtogetherwith its advertising agency they released a new but funny campaign to achieve this launch. The advert presented how exciting the new product was together with its qualities (Morrison and Bergen, p. 2015). Internet marketing: Samsung has embraced the use of Face book and YouTube awareness as well as online banner advertisement to market its products. Recently Samsung has given an ice bucket challenge to companies such as Nokia, HTC and Apple when it comes to the use of Facebook and YouTube promotions. It ranks top among the three. Sales promotion: One strategy that has made Samsung attract a high customer base in terms of sales promotion is the idea of offering bonuses to people who buy their phones they also exchange their old ones so as to receive a value worth their old phones in terms of shopping money. This has made some customers to save up to $ 100 off the normal price through trading in their old phones. Public relations: before Samsung S5 was released it was featured in the Oscar. It captured selfies taken by Ellen DeGeneres. Whether one watched the Oscars or not they were able to access these selfies trending on twitter and they were record breaking because they were clear and having been taken by Samsung S5 this was a good move to market its new brand. The greatest PR is one made through celebrity endorsement and its even better if the celebrity uses the product before millions of people. Direct marketing: Samsung has also achieved this whenlaunching most of its products by putting up campaigns to promote new products. They often have a target audience of ages between 15-50 years and they also do this through emails. Personal selling: In this strategy Samsung manages to sell its products in large numbers. Its electronic corporation often holds different promotional events to attract loyal customers. For example, in one of the Samsung S5 promotional event named Samsung sense academic festival they were able to sell off a good number of their new product. Use of cognitive learning theory: This theory is used to market expensive products in which their customers are able to easily justify the new products using their special features and then be encouraged to buy. Strategies to Restore Brand Image Customer Confidence after Recalling 3 million Devices Globally Recently Samsung recalled over 3 million devices globally after the exploding battery crisis. To restore consumer confidence in purchasing its smart telecommunication devices and brand image Samsung has laid down some strategies which include; (IMC, p. 2015). Partnering closely with most of the local companies present in their key markets in India and china: To achieve this, the company is leveraging all of its local companies around the world so as to develop content that is local and also offer local services. Focusing on software and services Samsung has for a long time led other companies when it comes to having good hard wares in its phones and other products with the best processors and brightest screens but this has not been enough to keep its consumers coming back. Its therefore making a big investment in soft wares through hiring of new and experienced software engineers and starting new and modern operations like Media Solutions Center. Figuring out its end goal: For any business growth to be realized, the low end is what matters the most and its also the place where one experiences a lot of competition. Therefore, strategies should be well laid down to deal with such competition at the end low end. The lower end has to be attached without hurting its brand. Moving faster with less panic: Samsungs pride is in how quickly it can roll out its products. But if not done correctly this may result to having many products in the market with scattershot approach. This may also mean spending a lot of finances on marketing with lower prices and eventually weighing down on profits. References AdWeek (2014) Available at: https://www.adweek.com/news-gallery/technology/samsungs-top-15-media-integrations-over-past-two-years-160686 IMC campaigning samsung galaxy S5, 2015 https://bappi045141.blogspot.co.ke/2015/03/integrated-marketingcommunication-of.html Jimenez, J.I (2013). Samsungs marketing communication. https://prezi.com/v7yyhpc2je5j/samsungs-marketing-communication/ Morrison, M. Bergen, M. (2015) Advertising Age, Available at: https://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/samsung-launches-marketing-blitz-latest-galaxy/297995 Sustainability Report (2015) Samsung Electronics Tibken, S (2014). Five ways samsung can overhaul its ailing smartphone. CNET.htm Accessed 13/4/2017 Triggs, R. (2014) Android Authority, Available at: https://www.androidauthority.com/apple-samsung-ad-budget-2013-366238 www.letsgodigital.org, 2012

Lgbt, Gay, Bisexual, And Lgbt Essay Example For Students

Lgbt, Gay, Bisexual, And Lgbt Essay We’re Human Tooâ€Å"Approximately 6.7 percent of the U.S. adult population identifies as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT)† (Five LGBT Facts You Should Know). LGBT, also known as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender are the four main things that fall under the sexual orientation category, this also includes heterosexuality (straight). Women who find other woman attractive are called lesbians, this is also known as homosexual woman. Homosexual men (Gay) are men who find other men attractive. Besides liking the same gender, there is also bisexual. Bisexual People find the same and opposite sex attractive. Transgender are people who are born as a male or female and later on change to the opposite sex. Transgender can also mean people who like to cross-dress and present as the opposite sex without going through any medical procedures. There are many people who don t want to support the LGBT community. However, Americans need to change the way they treat, support, and regulate rights on the LGBT community. Opposing Americans feel that LGBT people won t be in any harm if they are forced to be straight. According to Hrc.org, â€Å"American Family Association (AFA) thinks fewer students will commit suicide if adults tell young people it is wrong to be LGBT and help them to â€Å"choose† to be straight-a practice that has been condemned by every major medical and mental health organization in the country† (Yes, The AFA is still a Hate Group). Not letting LGBT people pursue who they really are can cause physical and mental harm. To start off, Americans need to change the way they treat the LGBT community. Pew Research center stated, â€Å"19% say there is â€Å"a lot† of social acceptance today and many say they have been victims of discrimi. .same rights to love who they want and make their own proper decision. Everyone should be treated equally no matter what their sexual orientation may be. Every human being has the same rights as others. In conclusion, there has been many Americans who don t support the LGBT community. However, treating, supporting, and regulating rights of the LGBT community are the key things that Americans need to change. Some Americans see the LGBT community as a disgrace to the American society. Others say that LGBT people can â€Å"change† and be heterosexual. Over all, helping someone you know that is LGBT can really change their lives. You are able to step up and be there for someone who really needs support. Americans may think LGBT people may â€Å"choose† what their sexual orientation is, But Americans really don t know that being lesbian, Gay, Bi, or Trans isn t an option.

Foreign Language In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Example

Foreign Language In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Language acts an indispensable portion of success in cordial reception, and has impacted the cordial reception industry continuously. Not merely has it influenced the method of marketing schemes or the methods of human resource direction, it has besides influenced the educational system every bit good. Many have come to recognize that foreign linguistic communication accomplishments can be utilized in the industry to help the foreign traveller, communicate with non-English speaking-employees and to work in non-English speech production states. Foreign linguistic communication in the cordial reception industry is needed to help foreign travellers. The cordial reception industry a service industry that sets to supply service to accomplish the clients satisfactions. Customers are seeking for exceeding and customized service that fits them good. A made-to-measure service normally comes from forming affairs that the clients are used to, such as a invitees favourite drink, preferable room type, and the spoken linguistic communication is portion of it every bit good. Of many tourers that travels, it is likely that they may non stand out in the linguistic communication of the foreign state that they are going to. If an adjustment that the client is remaining is non able to supply quality service due to the fact that mis-communication occurs often, the client is likely to develop a negative sentiment towards this certain hotel or eating house. Therefore, the cordial reception industries normally adapt ourselves to the client s pe nchant by supplying multi-lingual service in order to back up the clients demands. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Language In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Language In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Language In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Over the past few old ages, tourers from China have progressively become active all over the universe. With the rise of China on the universe phase, it s linguistic communication Chinese has ever been the top linguistic communication spoken in the universe and it is besides bit by bit going a major tourist-spoken linguistic communication. This tendency has impacted the selling schemes of many ; and get the hanging this linguistic communication has become a precedence for hotelkeepers callings. Switzerland has come to the consciousness of the potency of the Chinese market brought by tourer. And Switzerland has come to recognize that the entrance invitees have high outlooks for the Swiss cordial reception service . But many cordial reception industry are non yet ready to confront the Chinese tourer tendency by supplying professional service, and most hotels are established with European criterions. As a consequence, Switzerland has published an official usher steering cordial reception industry directors on how to professionally function the Chinese tourer. Dr. Christian Rey, president of the hotelleriesuisse, said that cordial reception industries in Switzerland have booklets, bill of fares and cusps translated into Chinese to supply a closer service. Following up, A really good illustration can be besides seen in Mauritius while an increasing sum of Chinese tourer is sing Mauritius recent old ages. In Mauritius, the state has received 17,233 Chinese tourers during the first 10 months of the twelvemonth, against 12,571 visitants during the same period in 2011. Harmonizing to a Mandarin instructor in Mauritius, she pointed out that among all the Mandarin-learning pupils, there are employees of large companies, business communities, importers, tour ushers All these people deal with the Chinese and for them to get the hang this linguistic communication has become indispensable. And in recent old ages, there is a strong demand from hotel groups to develop their employees in Mandarin. Said Elise Raffray, Managing Director of Formaclic. Harmonizing to the information of The Language Training Centre in Mauritius, the centre has trained 100s of hotel employees in Mandarin, including hotel receptionists, employees in nutrient and dri nks sections and sections. This brings the us to the following point. Foreign linguistic communication in the cordial reception industry is needed while communicating between employer and non-English speech production employees. As international tourers increases all around the Earth, at the same time increases the demand to engage international employees every bit good. However, communicating satisfaction has ever been a important influence to the work outcomes amongst between directions and non-English speech production employees. Language barriers have been chiefly seen during talking communicating and professional state of affairss. English is the most common-used linguistic communication around the universe and applies to the cordial reception industry every bit good. In the United States, an increasing figure of non-English speech production employees have caused hotel companies many communicating issues. It has come to the attending that this job can no longer be tolerated as it is firing on many companies operation. A research survey from the diary of cordial reception A ; touristry research has shown that 53.5 % of the housing industries reported that top direction has paid attending to linguistic communication barriers in the workplace. In fact, 46.5 % stated that their company encourages employees with limited-language accomplishments to better by offering English at work plans. Besides, many has been supplying linguistic communication preparation states the fact that how of import it is. Following up, harmonizing a study, which notes that 32 % of the companies provide linguistic communication prepar ation for the employees to get linguistic communication for particular intents, and 52 % of the employees expect a linguistic communication class to be communicative with professional subjects. It is obvious that it shows that there is a demand for the pattern of professional state of affairss. Employees are seeking to fluently pass on with their top direction in order to transport out the right undertaking while in the work topographic point. Employers are besides expected high outlook for service criterions which are related to the company s repute. With linguistic communication barriers barricading in the tract of the cordial reception industry s success, linguistic communication preparations have bit by bit become a necessary portion of the employment preparation. Furthermore, these linguistic communication preparations help to develop a positive professional attitude which will be able to lend to a positive impact on squad work and in better service to the clients. Dave Ozageer, manager of Pearle Beach Resort A ; Spa, said that it is indispensable for the staff to be trained to pass on with Chinese invitees with Citrus reticulata. By understanding Chinese invitees demands and show their emotions straight, the staff will be able to better function the invitee. The president of the Chinese Business Chamber, James Ho Fon farther points out that it is necessary that hotels provide tour ushers who speak Citrus reticulatas in order to pull more Chinese tourers. Foreign linguistic communication in the cordial reception industry is needed when working in a non-English speech production state. A research roll uping informations from assorted hotels human resources sections in the U.S. have shown that graduates with the ability of talking a foreign linguistic communication, peculiarly Spanish, was found to be an advantage when seeking for occupations in the States. It has besides been suggested that with this certain accomplishment, one may more likely obtain an employment at the supervisory degree. The study besides shows that with old foreign travel and some foreign linguistic communication accomplishments enable plan participants to more to the full appreciate their survey abroad experience. As a consequence, Students of cordial reception plans benefit vastly from larning a foreign linguistic communication. Many universities with cordial reception direction big leagues have been supplying survey abroad plans, and foreign linguistic communication is going important to the instruction of the industry every bit good. Colleges that offer cordial reception grades which integrate foreign linguistic communication larning contribute to the success of the cordial reception industry in general and to the success of the single pupils in their hereafter callings as directors. said by Yuan J. Houston in one of his diaries in Journa of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism. Such in cordial reception grade classs, the instruction of foreign linguistic communications has focused on the acquisition for professional intents that pupils may probably be confronting in their future calling. Hence, Rita Mae Brown one time said, Language is the route map of a civilization. It tells you where its people come from and where they are traveling. A batch of establishments acknowledged that the overall betterment of pupils who participated in a survey abroad plan have expectedly developed cross-cultural cognition which will fix them good for their future calling in cordial reception and touristry field. In decision, foreign linguistic communication has ever been a great impact in the cordial reception industry in general. While many research and information collection has been conducted and demonstrated in this research paper. It is obvious that over the past few decennaries, an increasing sum of hotel employees, hotel directors or even pupils in preparation have come to recognize that the importance of stand outing in a 2nd foreign linguistic communication. This highlighted professional attitude of larning a foreign linguistic communication is majorly due to the fact that foreign linguistic communication accomplishments can be utilized in the industry for a assortment of intents. Ultimately, this sense of accomplishment in foreign linguistic communication can profit the pupils personal development and can hold a positive impact on their professional attitude. Therefore, future hotel directors are more likely to keep back the ability of talking a foreign linguistic communication ma jorly due to the fact that this accomplishment can be utilized to help the incoming foreign travellers, to pass on with non-English speaking-employees in the workplace, and to work fluently in non-English speech production states.

Accountability and outcome in the counseling profession

Accountability and outcome in the counseling profession A Client plays a crucial role in determining the outcomes of a therapy program. A counselor and a client must establish a good partnership in order to obtain the necessary information regarding client’s problems. The client should be actively involved in a decision making process when it comes to the choice of his/her therapy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Accountability and outcome in the counseling profession specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, a counselor should take into consideration client’s preferences and include them into a therapy program (Isaacs, 2003). In some cases, a client may require more information regarding therapy program but fail to make decision on the therapy program. Client may influence therapy outcomes by ending the therapy prematurely. He also determines whether he/she will go through the therapy process. Premature termination of therapy occurs when a clie nt stops receiving therapy before attainment of the required goal or objective (Loretta Howard, 2005). The information obtained by a client, either from the internet or the counselor, has impact on the choice of therapy he/she makes. A client involvement in the therapy process will determine the therapy outcome in addition to quality of the treatment choice (Kelly, 1996). Client can ensure the accountability by ensuring that he/she receives quality health services at an appropriate price. He should look for the most qualified and certified counselor to handle his/her condition. It is his jurisdiction to ensure that the medical procedures done to the client follows legal practices, and they apply approved therapeutic model in the therapeutic process (Loretta Howard, 2005). For counselors to be accountable, they should educate their clients so that clients are able to make informed choices on the therapy program. They should educate clients on how to manage their condition and, more important, the need for therapy compliance. They are incharge of client’s health and should take a responsibility (Randall Kelly, 2007). A counselor will determine outcomes of treatment through the aspects of his/her personality and the techniques he applies in the therapy programs. These aspects also determine his skills and his application of counseling models in solving problems. They also impact the outcomes of the therapeutic program (Randall Kelly, 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The information counselor gives to a client influences the type of therapeutic plan the client will choose. A more researched counselor will direct client on making an appropriate therapy choice. In addition, counselor’s relation with the client will determine patients transference (Kelly, 1996). He should create trustful environment for client to hav e confidence of him and be able to communicate freely in order to facilitate counselor’s exploration on client’s problem. Also, client’s attitude towards counseling affects the therapy outcome. In cases of stigma associated with seeking for a therapy, it can force a client to avoid the seeking therapy (Isaacs, 2003). A counselor should promote accountability by informing client on the purpose of the therapy process. He/she should orientate client to therapy process and engage him through the process. For a counselor, it is crucial to approach this process with honesty and responsibility in order to foster client’s trust in the therapy process and promote compliance (Randall Kelly, 2007). Collaboration between client and counselor promotes accountability; this collaboration may include client’s relatives and third party payers. It clearly bridges the gap between the parties. It also gives a room for collaborative problem solving and provision of cl ients with services from other care providers. Therapy program acceptance by both parties is an indicator of its success and reasonability. Third party payers have a role of funding and reimbursement of client’s bill. The significance of a client’s needs assessment is to promote his health through initiating change. After the needs assessment, the counselor determines the unmet needs and puts in place plans for improvement. He has to prioritize them and strategize on how he is going to meet them (Kelly, 1996). The significance for program evaluation is to determine if the objectives are met and if a program is within the laid time limit. It seeks to identify what working right for the client. It also establishes if the client is benefiting from the program and satisfied. It determines the effectiveness of the program. It also gives trust to the relatives and stakeholders on the program progress. It gives the counselor a basis for planning on future according to the ach ievement attained. Accountability is necessary to provide a stakeholder, as well as other members of supervising authorities with the necessary evidences about appropriate work of the counseling services. It provides connection between counseling practices and service impact.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Accountability and outcome in the counseling profession specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Program evaluation helps counselors improve the effectiveness of service provision by care systemic examination methodologies and outcomes. In addition, it helps counselor to plan and implement counseling practice. It is also undertaken to improve counseling service and provide justification for existing program (Randall Kelly, 2007). Research is crucial for counselors when addressing the increased attention on accountability and evaluation based practices. As an educator, a counselor requires research and evaluatio n skills in order to train other counselors. Research enhances their clinical preparation of the upcoming counselors through equipping them with supervised experience in evaluation methods. It will also enable them to conceptualize and implement evaluations of counseling program on their own, and consult their fellow counselors. Also, it has impact on development of counseling profession through provision of understanding of counseling program evaluation model and practices (Randall Kelly, 2007). References Isaacs, M. L. (2003). Data-driven decision making: The engine of accountability. Professional school counseling, 6, 288–295. Kelly, K. R. (1996). Looking to the future: Professional identity Development, accountability, and change. Journal of mental health counsel Sexton, 18, 195–199. Loretta, J. B. Howard, B. S. (2005). The American counseling association practice research network (ACA-PRN): A new research tool. Journal of counseling and development, 83, 481-488 . Randall, L. A. Kelly, C.J. (2007). Program evaluation: The accountability bridge model for counselors. Journal for counseling and development, 85, 162-172.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Final Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Project - Research Paper Example I started by looking at the main company website which is at http://www.chevron.com/ I was interested to find out how the company chooses to present itself and so I looked under the tab â€Å"About Chevron† which was on the top left of the screen. There was a short statement: â€Å"At Chevron, we are relentlessly focused on producing safe, reliable energy now and for the future. How are we doing it? By applying the energy we have most in abundance Human energy.† This was not what I expected, because I know already that the main product area is fossil fuels like oil and gas, and I did not expect it to focus on its people. On other tabs there was information on the manufacturing side of things, and distribution through pipelines, shipping and gas stations. The company profile section provided the most factual information such as the founding date in 1879, in an area near Los Angeles, California. The global workforce is about 60,000 employeees and there are another 4,000 s ervice station employees who are linked to the main company. Its production figures are a little out of date, quoting 2.7 million barrels of net oil-equivalent production per day. From its location in California the company expanded in the 1920s to ventures in the Philippines, Alaska and Colombia in the quest for oil. In the 1930s they worked in Saudi Arabia and then from the 1940s through the 1970s they built pipelines to transport the oil from their wells. In 2001 the company merged with Texaco to become the second largest U.S. based energy company. The future ventures of the company focus on the Gulf of Mexico and Kazakhstan. There is a recognition that all kinds of energy are going to be needed in the future, not just oil and gas, and so I was pleased to note that a lot of money is being invested in research. This is an area that I would be interested in working for. The company is bound to present itself in the best possible light and so I looked next for external sources that would give more neutral information. The website www.business.com/directory/ provided a link to the Chevron company website that I had just been looking at, and it also had a link to the Wall Street Journal share prices for Chevron. This is the second source that I used. It gives an up to date snapshot of the company’s performance on the markets and I noted that the share price over the last 12 months had risen: Chevron stock prices, year to 1/14/11 Source: http://online.wsj.com/quotes/main.html?type=djn&symbol=CVX As my third source I followed the course instructions to look at the Hoovers business information page and there I found a list of subsidiaries and locations for the Chevron company. I was interested to note that Chevron U.S.A. which manages the US side of the business has its headquarters in San Ramon, California. The offices and research areas are not located in the same place as the oil and gas fields. I was reassured by my research on the company because I foun d its home web pages to be professional and positive. The market trend over a year is positive, with share prices rising despite the increasing costs of finding oil resources as older fields are getting used up. The company has been involved in mergers, and shows flexibility in its links with other countries, always looking for new sources of raw material. I could see also that there were areas of the business outside pure manufacturing, like the development of additives and various kinds of research. In

Foreign Investment Disputes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Foreign Investment Disputes - Research Paper Example For the last two decades, increased technological and liberalization advances have resulted into increased growth in the flow of FDI. This means that FDI gained in share of domestic investment and GDP in many countries. It is done for numerous reasons that involve taking advantage of low cost wages or for exceptional investment privileges like rewards to obtain a link that is tariff-free towards the countries markets or the regional market through the use of tax holidays granted to the company. There are a several ad hoc arbitral rules and two arbitral institutions responsible for most of the arbitrated foreign investment disputes. The ICSID is the arbitral institution, which specifically deals with international investment disputes. The ICSID specifically deals with investment disputes. It has unique advantages. As an arbitrary institution, ICSID is an affiliate of foremost international lending institution and a division of world bank. It is enjoys the advantage of perception, where it is perceived that countries would always comply with the obligations of ICSID. ICSID is supported by the ICSID Convention, which is a multilateral treaty. This way, any violation an obligation of the ICSID is regarded as a treaty violation hence a violation of the international law. The ICSID center is responsible for administering three types of procedures: conciliation, binding arbitration and a fact finding procedure. The ICSID Convention states that whenever an arbitration procedure is adhered to, ICSID should be made an exclusive forum for any kind of dispute that is submitted to it. The annulment procedure that is provided before its second tribunal, is the recourse only against the ICSID award and no appeal regarding an award may be taken to any national court. Further, it provides that the host country can only enforce a final ICSID award but not any country, which is a party to ICSID convention. The ICSID Convention has special jurisdiction

S6W8Paper2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

S6W8Paper2 - Research Paper Example The latter part of the 20th century and commencement of the 21st century has radically altered the nature of international order. It is now evident that this change cannot be contained in a dynamic world characterized by globalization, and rapid growth in information and technology. United States of America must therefore brace itself to a multilateral world where, while boosting of the military, economic and cultural prowess, it may face challenges from adversaries and even allies2. This paper gives a detailed account of the current international order and trends in the global affairs that have either a direct or indirect impact on United States. It further shows the manner in which US can chart its way to a peaceful and stable future by being at the forefront of world economy, protecting crucial global strategic interests, and maximizing on the use of military power and strength. In addition, the paper provides an analysis of the emerging threats from terrorist and the proliferatio n of nuclear weapons. ... Most of these actors are responsible for direct acts of terrorism and supporting terrorist groups either financially or through offering them a safe haven. Cases in point are North Korea and Iran. The two nations have totally objected collaborating with international treaties on aspects such as reduction of nuclear weapon capabilities. The eventuality has been constant threats on resources that are meant for the common good such as oil and sea lanes. The policy of United States then is to insist on measures that would compel such non-players to comply with the treaties agreed upon by the international institutions. Among the many strategies employed include application of stringent sanctions on such nations aimed at crippling their economic and coordination power3. Nonetheless, the sanction would be only be enforced on states that blatantly object the efforts of international institutions of preserving global peace and order. For instance, North Korea is clearly moving against the gl obal peace initiative. It has consistently tested its medium range missiles despite warnings from the international community. Furthermore, it has gone on the offensive, through its dictatorial leader, to warn U.S., South Korea and Japan of a possible war if they do not stay away from spying on them. The threats from North Korea warrant for all possible forms of sanctions. On the other hand, United States would capitalize on the strong reform organizations as well as citizens to drive change in nations such as Iran. Through supporting these movements, U.S. can effectively drive both social and political change in such countries. The same case can be applied in China. Essentially, the idea of nations investing on weapons of mass destruction would be discouraged at all costs4. The strategy

Legitimate Authority in the International System

Legitimate Authority in the International System Researchers and students of international relations are always faced with questions regarding if there is any legitimate authority in the international system. Other questions that these people are always faced with, is whether they can denote that the behavior of states is always motivated by factors such as power or even wealth. Furthermore, questions emerge on whether the interests of states are always the same, over a period of time and space. Mitchell (2012) denotes that this debate about the nature of authority in the international arena is always theoretical, focusing only on the contemporary international system. This paper critically examines the concept that there is no legitimate authority in the international system. In answering this question, the researcher will have to use a variety of theories, such as realism and liberalism. This paper takes the stand that the international system is anarchical in nature, and there is no legitimate authority. This concept of legitimate authority refers to the justification of people to have real power over other people, as well as the decisions they make. Mitchell (2012) further claims that legitimate authority is always exercised by the government, and the government derives justification in the use of such power because the power is given by the laws of the country. Krehoff (2008) agrees on the fact that there is no legitimate authority in the international system. This is because the international system is characterized by the interaction of states, and each state has its own interests and objectives in regard to the interaction (Bromley, Clarke, Hinchliffe and Taylor, 2009). One of the methods in which social scientists use to explain the relations and power in the international system is through the use of liberalism theory (Goldstein, 2912). Liberalism is a political concept that advocates for the freedom and rights of individuals. This theoretical framework recognizes the role of the state, as well as other actors in the international system in promoting democracy, freedom of expression, as well as other rights of individuals within the society (Baylis and Smith, 2001). Karp (2009) observes that this theoretical framework encourages participation in the international system, and for the purposes of promoting peace and stability. On this basis, the international system is characterized by inter-governmental organizations, multi-national companies, and non-governmental organizations. These institutions operating in the international system are responsible for shaping the various policies of states (Bromley, Clarke, Hinchliffe and Taylor, 2009). For instance institutions such as the United Nations, is responsible for discussing various issues that threaten the World Peace and coming up with a resolution that each and every member of the organization needs to follow. For instance in 2011, the UN Security Council passed a resolution that there was a need of intervening in the Libyan civil war, for purposes of preventing president Gaddafi from killing his own people Goldstein, (2012). Members of the Security Council, including the US, Britain, France, as well as other countries such as Canada, etc were able to provide equipments that could be used to enforce the decision by the UN Security council. Cornut (2010) denotes that this is an example of a legitimate authority, and this is because a legitimate authority is always justifiable by the rules guiding the operation of an institution. For example, the charter of the UN establishes the Security Council, with five permanent members who hold veto powers, and other non-permanent members. The charter denotes that the decision of this council are always legitimate, and supported by the laws of the charter in which all UN members are signatories. However, Baylis and Smith (2001) disagrees with the notion that the UN Security Council is a legitimate authority. Basu (2012) denotes that the UN Security council only serves the interests of the major powers holding the veto power. This is because the countries under consideration will always veto a policy developed that is against them. Basu (2012) further explains that the main reason as to why the Security Council attacked the government of Gaddafi was because he had a bad historical relation with western countries such as the United States, Britain, as well as France. On this basis, attacking Libya, and removing the government of Gaddafi would only serve the interests of countries such as the United States, Britain, and France. It is important to understand that these countries hold a veto powers in the UN Security Council. To prove his point, Basu (2012) identifies the structural adjustments policies brought forth by the World Bank, and IMF, during the 1980s, and the 1990s. Basu (2012) explains that these policies forced third world countries to liberalize their economies, even when they w ere not ready for such liberalization. Other demands initiated by World Bank, and IMF included the introduction of austerity measures. These measures forced the target governments to reduce spending on education, health, transport, security, and other important aspects of the economies of these countries. Cornut (2010) denotes that these austerity measures were responsible for the negative growth of these countries, as opposed to an increase in the growth of their economies. Goldstein, (2012) denotes that the World Bank, and the IMF are institutions of liberalism, and on this basis, they failed to promote equality of human rights, in regard to trade and economic stability. Instead, through their structural adjustment policies, IMF and World Bank are responsible for eroding the economies of these states. Furthermore, Goldstein, (2012) believes denotes that IMF and World Bank are controlled by its major donors, which include France, USA, Britain, as well as Japan. On this note, the policies developed by World Bank and IMF a re aimed at protecting the interests of their major financers. Dominese (2010) further denotes that the affairs of World Bank and IMF are always conducted in great secrecy, and there is no transparency while developing their policies. One of the characteristics of a legitimate authority is that it has transparency in the manner in which they develop policies. Calhoun (2002) believes that this transparency lacks in these global institutions. Dominese (2010) further asserts that a legitimate international institution will always seek to serve the interest of the international community, and not only a particular section of the international community. On this basis, institutions such as IMF and World Bank have failed to establish a legitimate international authority. Realism is a theoretical framework that supports the notion that a legitimate international authority does not exist (Goldstein, 2012). One of the principle arguments of realism is that the international system is anarchical in nature. This is because states are the major actors in the international system, and on this basis, there is no actor that has the capability of regulating the affairs of the states. Krehoff (2008) further explains that under realism, states will only relate with other states, in pursuance of their interests, and not the interest of the global good. Dominese (2010) defines international anarchy as a concept whereby the international system does not have a leader, i.e. a sovereign worldwide government does not exist. On this basis, Dominese (2010) denotes that the international system does not have a hierarchical authority which has the capability of enforcing laws, and resolving disputes, just like states in the domestic politics. This observation by Dominese (2010) is correct, and this is because legal international institutions such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) only depends on the goodwill of signatory states to arrest and handover people indicted by the court. On this basis, Goldstein, (2012) denotes that without cooperation from member states, ICC won’t be able to carry out its mandate. Tight (2005) denotes that this lack of an hierarchical structure at the international system, is one of the main reasons as to why institutions formed by the principles of liberalism will always serve the interests of rich states of the world. Basu (2012) further denotes that the accumulation of power and the need for survival are the major factors that influence the behavior of states in the international system. On this note, states will carry out any activity aimed at meeting their objectives. This creates suspicion at the international stage, amongst the various states, and because of these suspicions that exists between various states; it is difficult to create an international legitimate authority. For instance, the League of Nations failed to be a legitimate authority because of suspicions between the various states that formed the League of Nations. Based on these arguments of realism, Goldstein, (2012) explains that a legitimate international authority does not exist. In conclusion, realism is the major theory that recognizes the fact that a legitimate international authority does not exist. This is because the major arguments contained under realism, is that the international system is anarchic in nature, and the relations that occurs at the international system, are always aimed at protecting the self interests of the state under consideration. Due to this nature of states in the international arena, there is a lot of suspicion regarding the activities of states, and this makes the international system to be anarchic in nature. Because of this anarchic nature in the international system, it is very difficult for a legitimate authority to exist. To create a legitimate authority therefore, it is important to create a single interest that states should pursue in the international arena. This is a concept that is very difficult, and impossible to achieve. There are two conflicting perspective on this concept of a legitimate international authority. This is because the principles of liberalism supports this notion that there is a legitimate authority and this is in form of the various institutions formed by the states, and other international bodies. Bibliography: Basu, R. (2012). International politics concepts, theories and issues. New Delhi: SAGE  Publications. Baylis, J., Smith, S. (2001). The globalization of world politics: an introduction to  international relations (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bromley, S., Clarke, J., Hinchliffe, S., Taylor, S. (2009). Exploring social lives. Milton  Keynes: Open University. Calhoun, L. (2002). Legitimate Authority and Just War in the Modern World. Peace Change,  27(1), 37-62.   Cornut, J. (2010). David A. BALDWIN (dir.), 2008, Theories of International Relations, coll.  The Library of Essays in International Relations, Farnham, Ashgate, 725 p.. Etudes  Internationales , 41(1), 98.   Dominese, G. (2010). Theories of International Relations: from an American Science Towards a  Pluralism of Thought. Transition Studies Review, 16(4), 813-828. Goldstein, J. S. (2012). International relations (10. ed.). Boston: Pearson/Longman. Karp, D. J. (2009). Transnational corporations in ‘bad states’: human rights duties, legitimate  authority and the rule of law in international political theory. International Theory, 1(01),  87. Krehoff, B. (2008). Legitimate Political Authority and Sovereignty: Why States Cannot be the  Whole Story. Res Publica, 14(4), 283-297. Mitchell, S. M. (2012). Guide to the scientific study of international processes. Hoboken, N.J.:  Wiley. Tight, M. (2005). International relations. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI.

Huckleberry Finn - Conflict Between Society And The Individual Essays

The theme of Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn is that the ideas of society can greatly influence the individual, and sometimes the individual must break off from the accepted values of society to determine the ultimate truth for himself. In Huckleberry Finn's world, society has corrupted justice and morality to fit the needs of the people of the nation at that time. Basically, Americans were justifying slavery, through whatever social or religious ways that they deemed necessary during this time. The conflict between society and Huckleberry Finn results from Huck's non-conformist attitude. This attitude is a result of his separation from society at an early age. With a highly abusive drunkard for a father, Huckleberry Finn is forced from childhood to rely solely on himself. As a result of this, he effectively alienates himself from the rest of society. Society continues to try to "reform" him, but Huckleberry Finn shows his lack of appreciation in that effort from the very beginning of the story when he says, "The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me I got into my old rags and my sugar hogshead again, and was free and satisfied." His actions are based on instinct and his own experience, rather than conventional conscience. As a result, he makes up the rules for himself as he goes along, forming a conscience that is keenly aware of society's prejudices but actions based on that which he has experienced. Ironically, ofte...

Marketing Pencil

INDEX †¢ Acknowledgement †¢ Executive Summary †¢ Introduction to the market †¢ Definition to the marketing plan †¢ Impact of Environmental factors †¢ Marketing Plan for pencils †¢ Category analysis †¢ Current market situation †¢ Customer analysis †¢ Marketing strategy †¢ Product development process †¢ Brand name, Brand equity, Brand image †¢ Segmentation and Targeting †¢ Profile of rural market in general †¢ Marketing Mix and Integrated Marketing Communication †¢ Conclusion ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We extent our thanks to Mrs. Saima Hussain faculty guide who has given me moral support to do my project work.We also extend our thankfulness to our beloved parents and friends for their continuous encouragement at every moment It is our privilege to express our profound in deftness, deep sense of gratitude to our facility guide who had trusts in our ability in assigning us such an important and interesting project and also for allotting time for discussing and clarifying issues related to this project. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A marketing plan is a written document that contains the guidelines for the business centers and allocation over the planning period. This project is made on the basis for the marketing plan for the pencils.In our project our company is i. e. , of Torres are introducing their new pencils product. The names of the pencils are the ‘Shesham pencils’. If our company introduces new pencils and have to sell it in the market then we have to firstly write down a market plan for it. That means we have to analyze the current market situation i. e. ? We have to analyze the impact of the micro environment, macro environment. ? We have to analyze the needs of the consumers and then do segmentation, target and positioned the market. ? We have to do surveys for knowing the needs of the peoples.The more concise a marketing plan is the better it will serve you. These are the guideline s for writing a strategic marketing plan that meets the specific requirements of your business. We will take you through the development process step-by-step with easy to follow planning sheets to lead you through each stage. After that we have to choose different modes of communication for the sale, promotion of our product. The format includes a fully developed sample plan and is designed to meet the needs of most types of businesses although the emphasis on different aspects of the plan will vary from one business type to another.MARKET PLANNING FOR THE PENCILS (SHESHAM PENCILS) INTRODUCTION:Bangladesh is always said a country of villages and it is fact as Bangladesh 60% of population lives in villages, and it is said that rural market has been growing at five times the pace of the urban market more government rural development initiatives have been seen to increase rural markets. MARKET: Traditionally, a market was a physical place where buyers and sellers gather to buy and sell goods. Economist describes a market as a collection of buyers and sellers who transact over a particular Product or product class.Manufactures go to resources, marketer buy resources and turn them into good and services. MARKET PLANNING: It is well and good to include marketing in your business and a lot a few hours a day to do marketing tasks. But if we do not organize our market plan our efforts won/t get nearly as far as putting . Marketing plan in writing gives you a guideline to work from and it provides goal to strive for and it organize all those creative ideas you have floating around your brain. Firms that is successful in marketing businesses starts with marketing plan.Marketing plan cannot be made without involving many people into it. No matter what kind of feedback you get from all parts of your company. This is as important because it take all aspects of your company to make your marketing plan. Your key people can provide realistic impact on what’s achievable and how achievable and how your goals can be worked out. From all the things we can concluded that market plan is very necessary for the successful running of any business operation and to achieve various goals of the business operations in a right manner and in right ways.DEFINITION OF MARKETING PLAN: ‘A marketing plan is a written document containing the guidelines for the business centers marketing programs and allocation over the planning period’ THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: There are two keys perspectives on the marketing environment. , namely the micro environment and macro environment: MICRO ENVIRONMENT: This environment influences the organization directly . It includes suppliers that deal directly and indirectly with consumers and customers and other local stake holders. Micro environment tends to suggest the small but this can be misleading.In context, micro describes the relationship between firms consumers and customers directly or indirectly, and ot her local stakeholders. This includes all factors that can influence an organization, but that are out of their direct control. A company does not generally influence any laws (although it is accepted that they could lobby or be part of a trade organization). It is continuously changing, and the company needs to be flexible to adapt. There may be aggressive competition and rivalry in a market. Globalization means that there is always the threat of substitute products and new entrants. The wider nvironment is also changing, and the marketer needs to compensate for changes in culture, politics, economics and technology. All factors that are internal to the organization are known as the ‘internal environment'. They are generally audited by applying the ‘Five Ms' which are Men, Money, Machinery, Materials and Markets. The internal environment is as important for managing change in the external environment. As marketers we call the process of managing internal change is calle d internal marketing. MACRO ENVIRONMENT: Macro environment includes all the external factors that affect our product .The macro environment includes the factors like technology, political, geographical, and ecological and socio cultural factors that have an impact on the manufacturing of the product. In the manufacturing of pencils we have to keep in the mind that the sociological environment, the society has been changed and due to this the needs, demands of the customers are also changed. Different kinds of pencils are made according to the need and standards of the peoples. Now a high class person wants pencils which are of high quality and provides better services. The middle class peoples want a pencil that are of low price and is not very expensive.So manufacturer produces the pencils in keeping all these things in mind. The pencils are produced with accordance of the new technology. MARKET PLAN FOR PENCILS: If our company introduces new pencils and have to sell it in the mark et then we have to firstly write down a market plan for it. That means we have to analyze the current market situation i. e. ? We have to analyze the impact of the micro environment, macro environment. ? We have to analyze the needs of the consumers and then do segmentation, target and positioned the market. ? We have to do surveys for knowing the needs of the peoples.The more concise a marketing plan is the better it will serve you. These are the guidelines for writing a strategic marketing plan that meets the specific requirements of your business. We will take you through the development process step-by-step with easy to follow planning sheets to lead you through each stage. After that we have to choose different modes of communication for the sale, promotion of our product. The format includes a fully developed sample plan and is designed to meet the needs of most types of businesses although the emphasis on different aspects of the plan will vary from one business type to anoth er.PROCESS OF MARKET PLAN CATEGORY ANALYSIS: The product of our company is the pencils. Our company is introducing a new product of Torres pencils with new unique features, and size. Our company is providing better and unique features to our customers. The competitors of our company are the other pencils stores like, GOLDFISH pencils, and DOLLAR pencils. MARKET SURVEY/ CURRENT MARKET SITUATIONS: Market survey is the first step in the market planning . Our Company conducted the market survey for knowing ? The need in the current market situation. To analyze what are the different kinds or types of pencils which are present in the current time in the market. ? The different kinds of features of the pencils, their prices. NEEDS, WANTS AND DEMANDS OF THE CUSTOMERS: The market plan will be started before the manufacturing of the particular product. If we have to make any kind of pencils products, we have to analyze the needs, demands and wants of the customers. Needs are the basic human requirements. Needs are then converted into wants. Demands are the wants for specific products backed by the ability to pay.We start our market plan by analyzing that whether there is a need; want among the customers for the pencils we decide to manufacture and for that we conduct survey, market research for knowing the needs of the customers. For that we have to visit the schools, and may know the needs of the children by Putting them questions and having their suggestions that what kind of pencils they want for writing ,and knowing from them that what are the difficulties they get from their previous pencils while writing. We need to have different types of people which are using pencils to know their needs.After collecting all the information we have to get a result for knowing the needs, wants, and demands of the customers and get ready for making pencils according to the needs wants and demands of the customers. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS: The analysis of the competitor is very import ant aspect because through it we come to know that that our competitor is. The main competitors of our pencils are the other pencils company like GOLDFISH pencils and DOLLAR pencils which are having good position in the market. Our company has to include all those factors in our pencils by which our product look unique and different.Determining the â€Å"Marketing Mix† Product Price Promotion Distribution Goldfish Rs 5 High High Dollar Rs 4 Average Average CUSTOMERS ANANLYSIS: Our Company is targeting different types of customers according to their needs and wants. We are targeting the students of school, colleges. E. G—–Children’s like pencils having shapes of toys and other attracting things.The persons who have to work in the offices like simple pencils . Other professionals like different kinds of pencils so pencils are made according to the needs and wants of these different consumers. ESTABLISHING OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of our company are a s follows: ? To provide better services to our customers. ? To provide quality pencils to our target customers at the reasonable prices. ? To build a good image in the minds of our customers. ? To increase sales of our product. ? To generate revenues and profits by the sale of our pencils.MARKETING STRATEGIES: For the introduction of new product in the market we have to develop a preliminary strategy plan for introducing our new pencils in the market. The plan consists of three parts. 1. First part describes target market’s size, structure, and behavior of the planned product positioning and sales, market share, and profits and the goals sought in the few years by our product. Therefore the target market for our pencil is mainly the children’s of schools and colleges. We will analyze the benefit which comes out by the sale of the pencils. 2. The second part outlines the planned price, distribution strategy, and marketing budget for the first years. This part describes that what are the features or special points of the pencils which we have to made . In it we determine the prices of our different kinds of pencils. Like we determine that the cost of our pencil is Rs 2 each but if the customers buy the box there cost will be of Rs 8. 00 with a sharpener and eraser free. In it we also determine the different kinds of expenses which are to done for the introduction of our pencils in the market.Like the expenses done on the sale, promotion, advertisement of pencils in print media. That what are the profits which come to us by the sale of the pencils. As we see that during the first year a substantial amount will be spent on marketing research by audits and consumers panel data to monitor market reaction and buying rates. The entire budget is made in keeping eye on all these things. 3. The third part of the market strategy plan describes the long run sales and profits goals and market mix strategy over time. As we see that our products would be selling at a very good rate and giving us lots of profits.So we can invest more and more money in it and tries to improve the quality of our pencils by adding new features in it . We will make the product mix and decided to make new kinds of pencils with new innovations and additional features. Market strategy plan is very essential in the business for the proper allocation of revenues, expenditure from the product. It determines all the expenditure done for the sale of our pencils in the market. It also describes that to which segment of the customers we have to sell our pencils and at what price. MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS:Up to now the product has existed in only as a word description. The next step involves the jump in the investment that dwarfs the cost incurred in the earlier stages. At this stage the company will determine whether the product idea can be translated into a technically and commercially feasible product. In this step we have to make our ideas, plans about the pen cils in truth. In other word we make our pencils according to needs and demands of the customers. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: The development of the pencils starts at this step. The jobs of translating target customers requirement are helpful in making of our pencils.We analyze all the collected data from different kinds of customers and make our pencils according to their needs. E. g. The customers have said that they faces a lots of problems during writing because their pencils do not work properly, the points of the pencils get damaged during their writing time due to which they faces a lots of problems. From this we get an idea to use that kind of lead in our pencils which is of high quality and would not get damaged while writing. We adopt the quality function method for manufacturing of our pencils. We develop a pencils according to view taken by the peoples during market research.PRODUCT MIX: In product mix we include that what are the additional benefits that we are providing to ou r customer along with our original products i. e. , in it we can provide some additional services to our customers along with our pencils. We can give customer free sharpener and eraser with the one box of pencils. Along with one pencils peoples gets a free attached eraser. By adding these additional things in our pencils the customers get happy, and it will definitely results in the increase of the customers loyalty towards our product. It will also be helpful in retaining the attention of the customers towards our product.PRODUCT STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS: Product strengths and weakness describes the strengths of our pencils that what makes our pencils different from other pencils and what is our weaknesses when compared with others. STRENGTHS OF OUR PRODUCT; We should add what kind of features in our pencils that should act as strength of our pencils. We raise the length of our pencils, and provides different shapes of pencils which distinct our pencils different from others pencils . The offer of giving a free sharpener and an eraser is also helpful in attracting the consumers towards our product.As more and more customer are getting our pencils , these all results in increasing sale of the product and increasing revenues of the company. WEAKNESS OF OUR PRODUCT Our company should also analyze the weakness of our product: The main weakness may comes during the sale of the pencils that when we offer a free eraser and sharpener with our pencils whether the company may faces a lot of expenditure. These activities involve the wastage of money by the company. The pencils of other companies like GOLDFISH Pencils and DOLLAR Pencils are the main competitors of our company.Our company has to add the extra features in our product so that our product gets a different position as compared to our competitor’s product. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT AND NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT- In the product life cycle management we can describes the product and determines for how muc h time we should sale our product in the market, whether for a long time or for short period of time. A company positioning and differentiation strategy must change as the product, market, and competitors change over the product life cycle.To say that the products have a life cycle it asserts four things: 1. Product has a limited life. 2. Product sale pass through distinct stages and each positioning asserts different challenges, opportunities and problems to the seller. 3. Profits raises and fall at different stages of the product life cycle. 4. Product required different marketing, financial, manufacturing, purchasing and human resource strategies in each life cycle stages. Product life cycle of the pencils depends upon the needs of our customers that for how much time our product should remain in the market.If our pencils do not satisfy the needs of the customers it may comes in the decline stage that results in the extinction of our pencils in the market. Because the customers a re not satisfied by our products their demand gets changed due to which our pencils comes in the decline stage. INTRODUCTION: At the introduction period there is the slow sale growth of the pencils. At this stage the profits are nonexistent because of the heavy expenses of product introduction. In this phase the customers are not much aware about our pencils.Large amount of advertisement expense, discounts are given by our company to create awareness of the customers towards our pencils. GROWTH: Rapid market acceptance and substantial profits improvements at growth the product is selling at a high rate. MATURITY: A slowdown in the sale growths shows the maturity period. As the sale of our pencils are not undergoing up to the mark. The customers are now not satisfied by our pencils, the pencils do not function according to their needs, which results in the slowdown in the sale of our pencils. The sale declines with the arrival of competitors in the market.It may seen that if the new company may introduce a new pencils with new and better features it will results in the decline in the sale of the pencils of our product. DECLINE: Decline shows the downward drift and profits erode. At this point the profit from the existing product comes to zero. This stage comes due to the arrival of new competitors in the market and when the customer satisfactions from our pencils are not up to the mark. This stage may come when our pencil do not gives full satisfaction to the consumers. Decline may also comes when the taste and preferences of the consumers gets change.If the decline stage may come in the existing product life it is good for our company to develop a new product according to the needs of the peoples and providing better services to the customers. BRAND NAME, BRAND EQUITY AND BRAND IMAGE: Brand is the name ,term, sign, symbol or design or the combination that tends to the goods and services of one seller or group of seller and to differentiate them from others tho se of competitors. A brand is the thus product or service that add dimensions that differentiate it in some way from others products or services designed to satisfy the same needs.These differences may be functional, rational, or tangible related to product performance of the brand. We give our pencils as the name’ ‘SHESHAM PENCILS’ it’s a new product of Torres pencil company. Branding may helps the consumers to identify our product . The consumers starts finding about the brand satisfy their needs and which ones do not. The brand name can be protected through registered trademarks, and packing can be protected through copyrights and designs. SEGMENTATION AND TARGETING MARKET SEGMENTATION Market segmentation is one of the steps that go into defining and targeting specific markets.It is the process of dividing a market into a distinct group of buyers that require different products or marketing mixes. A key factor to success in today's market place is findi ng subtle differences to give a business the marketing edge. Businesses that target specialty markets will promote its products and services more effectively than a business aiming at the â€Å"average† customer. Opportunities in marketing increase when segmented groups of clients and customers with varying needs and wants are recognized. Markets can be segmented or targeted using a variety of factor. The bases for segmenting consumer markets include: Demographical bases (age, family size, life cycle, occupation) †¢ Geographical bases (states, regions, countries) †¢ Behavior bases (product knowledge, usage, attitudes, responses) †¢ Psychographic bases (lifestyle, values, personality) A business must analyze the needs and wants of different market segments before determining their own niche. To be effective in market segmentation keeps the following things in mind: †¢ Segments or target markets should be accessible to the business †¢ Each segmented gro up must be large enough to provide a solid customer base. Each segmented group requires a separate marketing plan. Large companies segment their markets by conducting extensive market research projects. This research is often too expensive for small businesses to invest in, but there are alternative ways for to a small business to segment their markets. A small business can do the following to gain knowledge and information on how to segment their markets: 1. Use secondary date resources and qualitative research. You can use the following resources for external secondary data: o Trade and association publications and experts o Basic research publications External measurement services 1. Conduct informal factor and cluster analysis by: o Watching key competitors marketing efforts and copying them. o Talking to key trade buyers about new product introductions o Conducting needs analysis from qualitative research with individuals and groups. There are many reasons for dividing marketin g into smaller segments. Any time you suspect there are significant, measurable differences in your market you should consider market segmentation. By doing this you will make marketing easier, discover niche markets, and become more efficient with your marketing resources.TARGETING: By doing the segmentation we target the consumers where we have to sell our pencils. The main target are the school children’s and college student and there teachers and professors. In it we have to remain aware of our competitors in order to take competitive advantage and we should be also aware about the consumers who would be buying our product. Why our Company go to rural market? The cost of going global is very high, and it is difficult to gauge markets in other countries. It is better to target the rural market as it is growing by the day.Today rural markets are as critical as urban markets. The rural markets provide better opportunities. In village vast competition exists. Different compan ies come with different flavors. So people have ample choice. With only around 100000 of the 638667 villages tapped so far there are huge potential and market areas. So we get high percentage of total market though profit margin is less. Now a day’s villager also spends on luxury & comfort products. After all Dettol is a one type of necessity product. As it plays a role of anti-septic medicine.Media also plays an important role in promotion of goods. The growing reach of the electronic media has created a huge change in the lifestyle of rural consumer. Profile of rural market in general:- The rural market of Pakistan is large and scattered, in the sense that it consist of over 63 core consumers from 6, 38,365 villages spread throughout the country. Nearly 60% of the rural income is from agriculture. Hence rural prosperity is tied with agricultural prosperity. During the harvest season, the demand for consumer goods in village goes up.The population securing income from non-ag ricultural sector is now increasing due to rural development programs. The consumers in the village areas do have a low standard of living because of low literacy, low per capita income, social backwardness, low savings, etc. The rural consumer values old customs and traditions. A change is beginning to take place in their outlook because of growth in literacy rate and mass media in the rural areas. Rural consumers have diverse socio-economic background. This is different in different parts of the country. This brings diversity among rural customers and market.The demand pattern of the rural consumers is fast changing. There is new and growing demand for toiletries, ready-made garments, cosmetics, packaged foodstuffs, etc. this change is due to increase in rural income. The infrastructural facilities like roads, warehouses, communication system, and financial facilities are inadequate in rural areas. Hence physical distribution becomes costly due to inadequate infrastructural facili ties. The saving habit of the rural community is increasing in the recent years as a result of the efforts put by co-operative and commercial banksMarketing Mix: PRODUCT: A business needs to consider the products that it produces and the stage of the product life cycle that a product is at. Marketing strategies will vary according to the type of product and its stage in the life cycle. 1. Pencils are very convenient to use and will be easy for customers also to use this product. 2. By providing good quality of Pencils, students will be attracted towards writing and will also be encouraged. 3. Pencils are available in different colors, so a person has choices to select various types in one particular product. . Pencils are available in different prices, so people can buy it as per their affordability. [pic] PLACE: This generally refers to the physical locations of product sales as well as the methods of distribution. However, it is also considered to be the â€Å"place† or â⠂¬Å"position† in the market of the product; refer to information below. Businesses need to make many decisions related to â€Å"place†: access, parking, competition, physical location etc. It’s the most important P in the pencil wars — Place. And nothing evokes more passion in distribution.We have chosen the different zones especially south schools and colleges and west zones as keen interest is shown by nearby villages of it. We had chosen these places due to following reasons: In these areas literacy rate is better than other areas. â€Å"So WHERE THERE IS WILL, THERE IS A WAY†. As people living in this area have mostly standard income so they can purchase our product â€Å"pencils† as they are cheaply and in a better way available. There is a lot of scope of expansion as these areas are surrounded by various other villages so great scope of expansion is there.PRICE: Most businesses use a â€Å"cost plus† method for setting the price s of their products. This involves determining unit production costs and then adding in a profit margin. However, many other factors are involved. Consider â€Å"perceived price† (what you think consumers will be prepared to pay), demand elasticity (is it elastic or inelastic? ), competitors' pricing (can you afford to undercut their prices? ), pricing objectives (what do you want to achieve increased market share? increased profits? market leadership? etc. ) Example:Price is the only factor which decides the presence of the product in the rural market. As people are having standard purchasing power, low income or high group of income persons etc. can afford Shesham pencils as they are available cheaply and in a better way. Hence keeping all the dynamic factors we have decided to go for penetration pricing for our product. We have decided to go with the application of penetration pricing as the people in the rural area are having low income, low purchasing power and we are ne wly entering the market. The pricing will be in way: Small pencils: 1 pencil = RS. . /- 10 pencils of pencils box = RS. 9/- Large pencils: 1 pencils = RS. 4/- 10 pencils of pencils box= RS. 16/- PROMOTION: Promotion is said to be the vital for all companies until now the promotional tools have been acted as the targeting tool used to attract huge demand for rural people and also huge demand for company’s product. The promotional strategies are as follows:- A new innovative broad aspect followed by me to attract huge attraction towards my product will be the use of tree borders. e will make use of tree borders as in rural areas mostly there are villages surrounded by huge and number of trees, so the hoardings at tree border will definitely attract huge demand. We will be putting hoardings on retail shops so that whenever the customer comes over the shop they should easily come to know about the arrival of new Pencils i. e. â€Å"name of the pencils† in the market. We w ill also promote my product through wall paintings. As wall paintings lasts for longer time and through this maximum customer can be attracted.There are some other strategies also like, The role of the influencer or influencing communication cannot be ignored as far as rural Pakistan is concerned. The advertisements that revolve around this very strategy actually depend on the influence of different influential people and/or events in the villages to put across the message powerfully with more effect and purchase intention. An example of this kind of advertisement may be brand endorsement by any influential person in the village like the ‘Intellectual Chaudary’ or the ‘school master’. Events like different festivals and different games and sports competitions actually have a high participation level in the rural Pakistan, as other sources of entertainment are very less in those areas. So, these events and shows offer great opportunity to reach rural Pakist an cost effectively. Different brands sponsor different events and shows in rural villages, which is actually a cost-effective way to advertise with the participatory strategy. Many brands are venturing into different ways to educate their rural consumers about their brands and their usage through different shows and events.This kind of initiatives actually creates huge awareness about the brand among the interested people in the rural Pakistan. Different health related advertisements like Polio awareness and AIDS awareness programmes involve a ‘show-n-tell’ strategy of advertising. It includes Press and print, TV, Cinema, Radio, and Point of purchase and Outdoor advertisement. Reach of formal media is low in rural households (Print: 18%, TV: 27%, Cinema: 30%, and Radio: 37%) and therefore the marketer has to consider the following points: English newspapers and magazines have negligible circulation in rural areas.However local language newspapers and magazines are bec oming popular among educated facilities in rural areas. It has made a great impact and large audience has been exposed to this medium. Organizations have been using TV to communicate with the rural masses. Lifebuoy, Lux, Dalda oil etc. are some of the products advertised via television. Many consumer goods companies and fertilizer companies are using these TV channels to reach the rural customer. Radio reaches large population in rural areas at a relatively low cost. Example: Colgate, Brite total, Shan Masala industries are some of the companies using radio communication programme.The farmers have a habit of listening to regional news/agricultural news in the morning and the late evening. The advertisement has to be released during this time to get maximum coverage in rural areas. Another advantage is that the radio commercial can be prepared at short notice to meet the changing needs of the rural folk. Example: Release of a pesticide ad at the time of outbreak of a pest or diseas e in crops. [pic] This form of media, which includes signboards, wall painting, hoarding, tree boards, bus boards, dealer boards, product display boards etc. , is cost effective in rural areas.Symbols, pictures and colors should be used in POPs meant for rural markets so that they can easily identify the products. Generally rural people prefer bright colors and the marketer should utilize such cues. Display of hangings, festoons and product packs in the shops will catch the attention of prospective buyers. However a clutter of such POP materials of competing companies will not have the desired effect and is to be avoided. It is a way of passing on information relating to goods or services for sale, directly to potential customers through the medium of post. It is a medium employed by the advertiser to bring in a personal touch.In cities lot of junk mail is received by all of us and very often such mails are thrown into the dustbin whereas a villager get very few letters and he is re ceptive to such mailers. It is an effective and economical medium for communication in rural areas, since it stays there for a long time depending upon the weather conditions. The cost of painting one square foot area is just Rs. 10. Retailers welcome painting of their shops so that the shop will look better. Walls of farm houses, shops and schools are ideal places for painting and the company need not have to pay any rent for the same.The walls have to be painted at least one or two feet from ground level. It is better to take permission of the owner. Very often the owner takes responsibility for taking care of the wall painting. Paintings are to be avoided during election time and rainy season. The matter should be in the form of pictures, slogans for catching the attention of people. Companies marketing TV, fans, branded coffee/tea, toothpaste, pesticides, fertilizers etc. use wall painting as promotion medium in rural areas. These are painted boards of about two square feet in d imension having the picture or name or slogan of the product painted on it.The cost of such a painted board is about Rs. 80. These boards are fixed to the trees on both sides of the village road at a height of about 10 feet from ground level. These boards attract the attention of slow moving vehicles like cycles, bullock carts and tractors and people walking on the road. The condition of roads, even the buses move at slow speed through village road. Fertilizer and pesticide companies in rural areas extensively use tree boards. These are low priced promotion items and can be used by consumer goods companies too. [pic]These media with effective reach and personalized communication will help in realizing the promotional objectives. Companies to suit the specific requirements of rural communication are using a variety of such media effectively and some of the more important media and methods are given below. Rural people prefer face-to-face communication and farm visits facilitate two-w ay communication. The advantage is that the sales person can understand the needs and wants of the rural customer by directly discussing with him and answer his queries on products and services. Potential customers in the illage are identified and the company’s/distributor’s representative makes farm-to-farm visits and highlight the benefits of the products. The person carries with him literature in local language and also samples of products. The person does not sell the product but only promotes the use of the product. Very often the local dealer also joins the representative in making farm-to-farm visits. The dealer clarifies the terms and conditions of sale and also makes independent follow up visits for securing orders. [pic] Group meetings of rural customers as well as prospects are an important part of interpersonal media.The company is able to pass on the message regarding benefits of the products to a large number of customers through such meetings. Group meet ing of key customers are conducted by banks, agricultural inputs and machinery companies in rural areas. The bankers visit an identified village, get the village people in a common place and explain the various schemes to the villagers. Such meetings could be organized in prosperous villages for promoting consumer durables and two wheelers also. Example: Millat Tractors conduct a meeting for tractor owners and they meet in villages to discuss repairs and maintenance of tractors. [pic]Package is an integral part of the product. Its main purpose is to protect the product during transit, to preserve the quality and to avoid any loss in quality and quantity. The main purpose of this contest is to remind the customer to buy the product as soon as he enters the shop. Another objective is to influence the dealer to stock the product and support the company in increasing the sales. The display contest has to be announced well in advance and promotional materials to be distributed to all the selected dealers in a geographical area. Prizes for best displays are announced to motivate the dealers; the contest lasts for about a month.A well-planned product display contest not only increases the involvement of dealers in the company’s products but also increases the sales during the contest period. This is used for promoting consumer goods such as shampoos, soaps and toothpaste Each rural market segment has certain special features i. e. they share common life-style traits. They include village sports, religious events, prominent personalities and role models. Examples: Textile mills maintaining community gardens, Mineral water companies supplying clean drinking water during summer festivals in villages and Consumer goods companies sponsoring Kabaddi. pic] PACKAGING: The Silent sales man: What does a sales man do when you go to a shop or he comes to your house, he first s how’s you the product then starts to tell you the features of the product like its brand name, method of production, ingredients (if it is eatable), price etc. In short he tries to persuade you to buy his product, this same activity is performed by packets of any product but without any use of language this is called silent salesman ship Thus we say that â€Å"packaging – A silent salesman† pic] Packaging is done for the three reasons: – 1) To protect the product 2) To make the product easy to carry 3) To make the product attractive. Pencils do not require heavy packaging but still we have come up with the two packaging strategies for our pencils: – 1) To have a packet of 3 pencils sets 2) To have a packet of 10 pencils sets. The rural Bangladesh is not much developed; hence their purchasing power is also not high. Hence, for their convenience we have come up with these packaging strategies.This was also done to reduce the cost of the product so as to supply the product at cheap rates and also for a profitable deal for our company. FEATURES O F PENCIL The pencil is used for writing and if the writing is not dark i. e. it is light then the reader will not be able to understand the written matter. Hence we have invented the pencil which would be darker than any other pencil. The goods which are cheaply available with no compromise in quality then those goods or products are liked by every consumer. This is the reason why we are coming up with a pencil which would be cheaper.The body of the pencil would be covered with velvet piece or a rubber piece to make the pencil body of either velvet or rubber. This is the extra feature added because this would help the writer to have a firm hold over the pencil and to write faster. The body and its shape also add to the beauty of the product. Hence it is said that in the business world what ever is seen is taken. So the shape or the body of the pencil would be squared shaped which is not at all seen in the market till the date. The pencil is seemed to be incomplete without the rubb er.The writer might commit a mistake while writing and hence to correct the same rubber is provided at the end point of the pencil so that there is not an extra expenditure on the purchase of the rubbers. This pencil would be extra long then any other pencil and also at the minimum cost. So with that the buyer would be able to enjoy the good writer pencil for a longer period of time. This pencil would be available at each and every store of the rural market so that there are no extra efforts taken by the customer to come at a long distance for the purchase of this unique pencil.The pencil is a kind of a product which is mostly used by children and the children enjoy watching cartoons or such characters which seems to be funny. So then the children are going to get their favorite cartoon characters on this lovely pencil which is effectively made for kids but it is not that only kids could enjoy the writing with this pencil but it is for everyone to enjoy the writing with this penci l. The pencil has come up with new innovative feature of fragrance. This means that kids will enjoy good hand writing with sweet fragrance.This is an added advantage to our product as this idea is not applied to any of the pencil to the date. [pic] Conclusion: Thus looking at the challenges and the opportunities which rural markets offer to the marketers it can be said that the future is very promising for those who can understand the dynamics of rural markets and exploit them to their best advantage. A radical change in attitudes of marketers towards the vibrant and burgeoning rural markets is called for, so they can successfully impress on the millions rural consumers spread over approximately thousands of villages in rural Bangladesh.Eurosif European Social Investment Hamida Kawser Student of UIU Second samaster BBA Departmeny Road Number 27 Dhanmondi Dhaka 30. 03. 2013 Respected Sir. I am submitting you my report on automobile companies and associated risk and opportunities the se pose for long-term return. Perpose behind preparing automobile report is to have an idea about how automobile companies grew through decades. So that we can use this quality information in Bangladesh industry and even in our personnal business field. ———————– [pic] [pic] [pic]