A rose for Emily Essay Example for Free

A rose for Emily Essay In William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the focus is on Miss Emily and her Southern upbringing. In the South during Miss Emily’s life time for a woman not to be married was socially unacceptable. In Southern society during this time, and even today, it was encouraged and believed that to be happy it was necessary for one to be married. Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a classic example of Southern literature because of the importance of family, community, religion, time and place. Miss Emily represented the importance of all of these things on Southern society. Miss Emily, is forced to conform to her father’s Southern societal values. Her family represented a monument of the past; Emily was referred to as a â€Å"fallen monument.†. She was a relic of Southern gentility and past values. She was considered fallen because she had been proven susceptible to death and decay. Like the rest of the world Miss Emily’s father chased away any and all men that tried and wanted to marry her. Miss Emily was very controlled by her father. He was very protective of her and extremely dominating. This kind of family environment for women was typical of southern society. Miss Emily herself represented, â€Å"a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation. Miss Emily was merely a product of her environment. William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† displays an ideal of the antebellum Southern society that is ofte n still associated with the south. Faulkner succeeded in writing a work of Southern literature that displays a romantic pull of the past and the idea that submission to this romance was a form of death thematically, death conquers all. The story of Miss Emily Grierson from Yaknapatawpha County is a tale depicting the romance of the South combined with the story itself created a captivating atmosphere, a world where no one wants.

The Impact of African-American Sitcoms on Americas Culture Essay

The Impact of African-American Sitcoms on America's Culture Since its start, the television industry has been criticized for perpetuating myths and stereotypes about African-Americans through characterizations, story lines, and plots. The situation comedy has been the area that has seemed to draw the most criticism, analysis, and disapproval for stereotyping. From Sanford and Son and The Jefferson’s in the 1970s to The Cosby Show (1984) and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air in the 1990s, sitcoms featuring black casts and characters have always been controversial. However, their significance upon our American culture cannot be disregarded. During the 1950s and 1960s, 97% of the families were Caucasian. In the first five years of the 1990s, nearly 14% of the television families were African-American (Bryant 2001). These statistics obviously show the substantial impact our American culture has had on African-American television families. Sanford and Son was set in the early 1970s. They were a very low class, low-income family that was very disjointed. The father, Sanford, spent most of his time drunk and putting his son down. There were few, if any, family values emphasized. The only positive message conveyed was that the son and dad loved each other. One of the next popular African-American shows to appear was The Jefferson’s. It was about a nouveau riche African-American couple, George and Louise Jefferson. Jefferson was a successful businessman, millionaire and owned seven dry cleaning stores. They lived in a ritzy penthouse on the East Side. In fact, the theme song referred to the fact that they â€Å"were movin’ on up!† They lived their lives filled with money and success. It was the first television program that... ...way to a safer place where he could be raised properly. This sitcom emphasized positive African-American stereotypes, such as honesty, love, strong family values, and success. The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air also demonstrated that the problems money can bring were not confined to one race. Starting with Sanford and Sons through the progression of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, it is evident that the changes transpiring in society are slowly entering the television industry. What would have been acceptable in the 1970s would be totally unacceptable in this day. No longer is an African-American father in a sitcom shown as a worthless, rude individual. The father figure is now shown more as a responsible, loving, and moral person with more realistic faults. Color now seems, through evolution, to be taken out of the equation for the African-American television families. The Impact of African-American Sitcoms on America's Culture Essay The Impact of African-American Sitcoms on America's Culture Since its start, the television industry has been criticized for perpetuating myths and stereotypes about African-Americans through characterizations, story lines, and plots. The situation comedy has been the area that has seemed to draw the most criticism, analysis, and disapproval for stereotyping. From Sanford and Son and The Jefferson’s in the 1970s to The Cosby Show (1984) and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air in the 1990s, sitcoms featuring black casts and characters have always been controversial. However, their significance upon our American culture cannot be disregarded. During the 1950s and 1960s, 97% of the families were Caucasian. In the first five years of the 1990s, nearly 14% of the television families were African-American (Bryant 2001). These statistics obviously show the substantial impact our American culture has had on African-American television families. Sanford and Son was set in the early 1970s. They were a very low class, low-income family that was very disjointed. The father, Sanford, spent most of his time drunk and putting his son down. There were few, if any, family values emphasized. The only positive message conveyed was that the son and dad loved each other. One of the next popular African-American shows to appear was The Jefferson’s. It was about a nouveau riche African-American couple, George and Louise Jefferson. Jefferson was a successful businessman, millionaire and owned seven dry cleaning stores. They lived in a ritzy penthouse on the East Side. In fact, the theme song referred to the fact that they â€Å"were movin’ on up!† They lived their lives filled with money and success. It was the first television program that... ...way to a safer place where he could be raised properly. This sitcom emphasized positive African-American stereotypes, such as honesty, love, strong family values, and success. The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air also demonstrated that the problems money can bring were not confined to one race. Starting with Sanford and Sons through the progression of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, it is evident that the changes transpiring in society are slowly entering the television industry. What would have been acceptable in the 1970s would be totally unacceptable in this day. No longer is an African-American father in a sitcom shown as a worthless, rude individual. The father figure is now shown more as a responsible, loving, and moral person with more realistic faults. Color now seems, through evolution, to be taken out of the equation for the African-American television families.

International Development: Theories of Modernization, Dependency, Globalization

Minhchau Truong ID 125 Prof. Kevin Maclean Midterm Exam Citation Black, Maggie. The No-Nonsense Guide to International Development. (London: New Internationalist Publications Ltd, 2007). Naim, Moises. Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers, and Copycats are Hijacking the Global Economy. (New York: Anchor Books, 2005). Reding, Nick. Methland: The Death and Life of an American Small Town. (New York: Bloomsbury, 2009). Thurow, Roger and Scott Kilman. Enough: Why the World’s Poorest Starve in an Age of Plenty. New York: Perseus Books, 2009). 1. ) Modernization Theory was used to justify the process of decolonization and intervention by the United States, which had the ulterior motive of gaining access to new markets and thus boosting the national economy. The U. S. separated this theory from Cold War ideologies with the distinguishing feature that it emphasized GNP and technical measures. The theory is ethnocentric and is posited in the belief that there is a ceaseless struggle again st scarcity and that underdeveloped nations must overcome this natural state. The role and ability of the developed state was framed by the teleological doctrine that began with preconditions to â€Å"take-off†, which was recognition that economic progress was necessary to move from â€Å"tradition† to â€Å"modernity† to the final â€Å"take-off†, to the â€Å"drive to maturity† (which was expected to be completed in 1-2 generations), to the â€Å"age of high-mass consumption† (similar to the historical patterns of the U. S. ). The strengths of Modernization theory included its organized capitalism, integration into the world economy, and outlook of economic expansion. These changes were to be achieved through institutions and a shift from earlier colonial hierarchy and integration into the United Nations family (a de jure equality). However, the weaknesses overpower benefits. The theory naturalizes â€Å"underdevelopment† as something that can be changed easily, and discounts implicit historical, geographical, sociological circumstances or specific constraints. Furthermore, it disregards underdeveloped countries by trivializing conditions by labeling it as the â€Å"global norm†. Economics is foremost on the agenda, rather than politics, because capital accumulation for developed states- not actual welfare of the concerned state- is the main objective. The theory displaces the more correct principle of the right to self-definition. The linear growth implied by the theory can only be achieved by mass consumption, competition, individualism. Essentially, modernization theory is an ahistorical narrative imposed by ethnocentric developed states that could not possibly relate to their underdeveloped states. Dependency Theory sees the historical relations of inequality, the unequal relationships developed between industrialized countries versus underdeveloped. Theoretically, the problem is explained as: economic growth in advanced industrialized countries did not lead to a growth in poorer countries. Dependency theory acknowledges that modernization theory directly contradicted neo-classical economic theory- the Pareto optimal, that economic growth was beneficial to all even if benefits not equally shared, this was not evident in the relationship between industrialized nations and unindustrialized nations. The strengths of dependency theory included that is accounted for real history as opposed to modernization theory, which was a philosophy of history. It saw states as a global structure, and saw inequalities as a problem rather than a way to promote competition and equalizations. There were realistic expectations, unacknowledged that imposition of â€Å"development† was actually an act of exclusion. What was preferred was a more natural, predestined process of inclusion. Economically, dependency accurately determined the outcomes of modernization: poor countries exported primary commodities to rich countries, which the rich countries used to then manufacture products out of them, therefore adding value to the overall product during the manufacture, which they then export back to poorer countries. In the end, these poorer countries would never earn enough from exports to pay for their imports due to the added value. However, the weaknesses are substantial, and expose the logical fallacies dependency theory is built upon. It is more of a critique than an independent theory for improvement, there is some insight but not much. With dependency theory, there is little to no success from its initial conclusions. Its avocation for protectionism and trade tariffs was not enough for developing countries to emerge economically. The suggestion of Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) was also not enough because the economic theory required implementation of incubation of domestic infant industries that many times were difficult to start-up without the help local governments. Various avenues, tariffs, import quotas and subsidized government loans were many times not possible due to absence of political will or ability. The development of production channels were often times distorted or disrupted due to external forces or inability of states to handle. Here, an imperialist mindset is once again imposed onto undeveloped nations, Transnational corporations (TNCs) stationed in undeveloped nations impose standards and expectations, which are most pronounced in their monopolistic practices and assertion of political and economic agenda onto the concerned country. In addition, many times, when a country did specialize in their production of goods, their own internal markets were not large enough to support the economies of scale. People either didn’t have enough money or had a preference for outside foreign goods. Essentially, relations cannot simply be fixed, there is a much more dynamic complexity. Peripheral states cannot possibly â€Å"just catch up†, they did not ask to be placed in their respective positions within the world economy, they were forced by dominate states (developed countries like the U. S. – they were labeled as â€Å"under-developed† when their â€Å"inequalities† were identified by us, pitted against our own standards- unfairly so. Advanced industrial economies can’t serve as models for developing ones, their success was contingent upon highly exploitive colonial relationships (with the very underdeveloped countries they are trying to aid now, which is ironic) these relationships cannot be created. Implications of dependency include: Alternative use of resources preferable to current patterns of use- they don’t want our methodologies. The practice of diverted resources are maintained by dominant states and power elites within dependant states, this fixes nothing, rather, it further complicates relations between concerned â€Å"underdeveloped† country and those who are in control of them. There are overlapping interests, value and culture assumptions, assumption that this dependency is voluntary, elites believe key to economic development is to follow liberal economic doctrine, this is essentially hegemony. Economic growth does not equal economic development, more attention needs to be paid o social indicators- life expectancy, literacy, infant mortality, education, emergence of human index. Greater integration is not the answer, equality cannot be achieved World System Theory was first was labeled as â€Å"Modern World system. † An integration through market rather than political center, the state was an economic tool for capital accumulation by certain classes. The world was comprised of mini-system s, which made up world empires, which made up a capitalist world economy. This world-wide perspective with historical depth of centuries was necessary to understanding the present. Single tripartite division of labor notion induced that countries do not have economies but are part of a world economy. The core zones benefited from monopolies, while the semi-peripheries were dominated by the core zones, and the peripheries themselves were developing countries dominated by both core and semi-periphery countries. Labor-intensive production took place in periphery states as a means to former states’ economic deliverance. Periphery states’ subordinate status is due to a number of factors including, technological conditions and the difference in strength of states on the global market scale, thus the differential flow of surplus to core results in unequal exchange. However, the strengths of the theory lies in the assumption that capital accumulation on a global scale will in turn, benefit developing countries. The weakness of the theory is how it is debilitating regarding focus towards strong and weak states. The theory concentrates on the historical evidence of failure rather than success, and discounts the class structure and economic growth, among other important elements, within states. The zero-sum economic narrative is limited, grounded in ahistorical euro-centrism. The theory polarizes periphery states by keeping them down, with the ideology of ruling groups presiding over them. Conclusively, the theory is a capitalist structure that operates on the endless accumulation of capital rather than the well-being of particular periphery states. The contemporary forms of â€Å"globalization† make these three theories of state-led development irrelevant and require us to rethink some of the assumptions upon which they were based for many reasons. Firstly, the increased but selective flow of financial capita between major metropoles exemplified in Illicit Trade shows the unrecognized potential of â€Å"dependant† states, how they are actually able to thrive despite conditions (of scarcity, etc. ). In Illicit Trade, the examples of countries thriving on the wholesale of contraband commodities, or transshipment havens (Suriname, Nauru) shows how the differentiated labor markets within and across national borders have essentially been empowered, there is no definitive route to economic growth, illicit trade just so happens to be this new growth- for the good or the bad. The increased, but uneven integration of consumer markets worldwide proves the irrelevancy of modernization and dependency theory, as there was no prerequisite in this integration that was previously said necessary in the former theories. The Governments were a emphasized factor in the theories for growth and development, however, in this context of globalization and illicit trade, the private facilitation of capitalist penetration from countryside to countryside has actually been the impetus. The new, emerging aspects of illicit trade is that it’s not just a crime, or an underground phenomenon, but it could fashion economic possibilities. There is now an intrinsic connection to political structures, emerging Governments. High-profile trafficking organizations now have a heavy influence and control over governments. The dependency on illicit trade has pervaded into the basic exchange of commodities, thus the interaction of people, thus it is now well stitched into the fabric of existence, it has constituted cultures. The entire disarraying manifestations of illicit trade has now coalesced, it is now a part of history, it has become facet of life. 2. ) The manufacture, distribution, and sale of methamphetamine rose largely out of the recent developments of Globalization and free trade, long term trends in agricultural and pharmaceutical companies, and the action of government lobbyists. These basic components make up for what Reding describes in Methland, as the meth epidemic of today. Reding’s best illustration is his microcosmic case example of Lori Kaye Arnold, starting from the origins of her entrepreneurial endeavors to her quick succession of wealth and monopoly control over meth. Lori’s decision to drop out of high school and house herself through her meth delivery service exemplifies the opportunities of income that are available to small rural communities subjugated to lack of employment. Due to this facet, production of meth transferred to underground population sites of small town meth addicts (like Lori) and outlaw chemists. Rural economies of small towns like Oelwein were gradually taken over by profiteering industries. The turning over of Iowa Ham to Gillette to Iowa Beef Products (IBP) to Tyson, resulted in a shrinkage of worker demand and stationary wages. In January 2006, Tyson officially closed the plant , â€Å"the initial workforce had been reduced from nearly two thousand people to ninety-nine, a remarkable, devastating loss of revenue in a town of only six thousand† (Reding 2009, 53). Ottumwa, a town in southeast Iowa endured the same hardship that crept into Oelwein. The town was eventually also starved of tax revenue and disposable income from the shut-down of the town’s railroad, air force base, and the sale of its meat-processing plant to Cargill. And like Oelwein, â€Å"Methamphetamine moved into the new economic gap,† and helped to sustain not just the market in Oelwein, â€Å"but also in towns all over Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, and the Dakotas† (Reding 2009, 60). It was Lori’s success in Ottumwa that made her decide to expand her horizons in meth distribution. Lori went straight to her middleman in Des Moines, and continued in her ambitions to her supplier in Long Beach, California. Meanwhile, Lori’s own enterprise fueled the franchises of people like Jeffrey William Hayes and Steve Jelinek, such is the lucrative nature of the meth business. Lori’s eventual partnership with the Mexican Mafia, the Ameczua brothers ushers in powerful forces that make up a web of interdependence, all revealing the scale of hold meth has on not just small towners like Lori, but also our local and global economy. The U. S. mmigration policy could not prevent the influx of Mexican immigrants that came, who were now seen as excellent transportation devices for large quantities of the meth throughout California and the west. Midwestern residents who just lost their jobs were now headed for booming labor-markets in Los Angeles and San Diego, becoming ideal social and business connections for drug cartels like the Amezcua brothers. These factors enable d drug cartels to expand their business prospects, but also provided a source of income for those involved, a major motivator. Additionally there was the appeal of the drug itself. Meth was powerful; a vocational drug rather than a recreational one, it was perfect for labor-intensive occupations, thus effectively converting mere middlemen or workers into consumers. The cost-effective narcotic had been around since industrialization, and its cheap convenience was made all the more apparent when rural economies collapsed and people felt like they needed the drug in order to survive. For all these reasons, meth was a sustainable business in its inception that allowed it to go unnoticed. The precursor to meth production (ephedrine, and soon, pseudoephedrine) was made readily available by pharmaceutical companies and engineers in legal, enormous, and unmonitored supplies. The high-demand for these precursors provided a huge incentive for pharmaceutical companies to prevent purchasing restrictions that the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) was trying to enforce. When the DEA discovered bulk shipments of ephedrine being redirected to the Amezcua brothers, there was also a realization of a â€Å"narrow processing window† of ephedrine that was perfect for the meth trade. Cooperation from the nine processing factories in India, China, Germany, Czech Republic and pharmaceutical companies was the only thing needed. Despite DEA efforts, pharmaceutical industry lobbyists blocked every single anti-meth bill with help of key senators and members of congress. The relentless battle of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine prohibition was most often times won by powerful companies and corporations, thus the manufacture, distribution, and sale of meth proceeded. Through the lens of Dependency theory, rural economies like the town of Oelwein would be encouraged to discontinue the market of meth because it has become a dependant source of revenue that creates unequal relationships between powerful entities (such as drug cartels, pharmaceutical companies, agricultural based corporations) and small town communities, poor job-seeking immigrants and aspiring meth cooks. The manufacturing of meth is not sustainable and does not result in equal or greater proportions of benefit for those dependant on the business, rather, it enslaves them. Thus, dependency theory is good in its avocation of meth abolishment, but it does not provide other revenue generating substitutes or a way into economic stability. Dependency theory stresses independence while keeping up with developed nations, but in the case of Oelwein, their economy was crippled by external forces and now has to be rebuilt, and thus, their regeneration would require an initial dependence on outside sources. 3. ) In 1940, Vice-President elect Henry Wallace, who formerly served as Franklin D. Roosevelt’s activist agriculture secretary desired to visit Latin America before starting his official duties. He was dispatched to Mexico as a representative, where he applied his unique perspective to the Mexico’s destitute situation. Most Mexicans depended on farming. The Mexican revolution ousted a dictatorship and then seized land from a wealthy few and redistributed it among the poor. The new government had distributed out land to 1. 7 million landless peasants so that they could grow their own food, however this land form was not enough. Mexico did not have the necessary support systems for agricultural scientists, the rural population was illiterate, soils were depleted of nutrients and heavily eroded, basic tools were lacking; tractors were rare- this in turn limited production growth. In addition, diseases often times wiped out the wheat crop, forcing Mexico to import half of its needs. Wallace’s evaluative approach was to raise crop yields combined with Mexican farmer’s disciplined work ethic. Wallace connected to the resources at the Rockefeller foundation asking to the President Raymond B. Fosdick to conduct a study on how to increase Mexican harvests, Fosdick himself dispatched a trio of experts to scour the countryside. Soon enough, Harvard plant breeder Paul Mangelsdorf, Cornell agronomist Richard Bradfield, and University of Minnesota plant pathologist E. C. Stakman commenced on their research, convincing the foundation to set up a joint research program with the Mexican government in 1943, called the Office of Special Studies. The program’s mission was to train Mexican scientist on how to breed higher-yielding varieties of corn, wheat, and beans. Initial successes of the program included the newfound knowledge of â€Å"how to plant a few verities of inbred seed- the precursor to hybrid seed- allowing them to cross-pollinate naturally† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 8). Stakman was interested in Mexico’s second-biggest crop, wheat. Wheat was a crop often subjugated to the fugal epidemics that turned fields into tangles of dead plants, leading to the discontinued production of wheat by Mexican farmers which were an unfortunate lost opportunity for protein. Stakman called upon two proteges from the University of Minnesota to aid him in his mission to end this plight, one would be the founder of the Green Revolution- Norman Borlaug. Borlaug, impatient by the time sucking process of cross-pollinating different varieties of wheat in rust-infested areas to find a natural immunity among them, decided on an unconventional method of breeding that including â€Å"shuttling newly harvested seed between the Yaqui Valley and his experimental plots near Mexico City† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, ). In four years, Borlaug generated his first rust-resistant plants, setting in motion a series of events that would lead to the Green Revolution. The main achievements of the Food Revolution were the high-yielding wheat crops that occurred with every Mexican farmer, leading to the successive spread of the seed throughout Mexico, and therefore the end of Mexico’s wheat shortage by the mid 1950s. And unlike hybrid corn, farmers could â€Å"save seeds from the best of their wheat harvest and plant them the next year to get the same results† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 11). Borlaug’s wheat permeated to Asia, in India and Pakistan, which spurred Governments, private philanthropies and humanitarian organizations to fund and implement the construction of fertilizer factories, irrigation networks, infrastructure, and an introduction to new modern farming techniques. Similar effects took place in Pakistan, Turkey, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Morocco, Lebanon, Iraq, China and elsewhere throughout Asia. Additionally, the Green Revolution encouraged foundations and organizations from around the world to establish research centers, projects, and laboratories specializing in number of agricultural-based crops (agroforestry to fish). The shortcomings were evident in its early beginning; the yields were plentiful but sucked so much out of the soil that water and synthetic fertilizer replenishment was necessary. And because farmers could afford fertilizer, this boosted their harvests even further, reinforcing dependency on foreign supplied fertilizers, and therefore diverting funds from the local economy to an outside economy. Increase fertilizer use also introduced pesticides and nitrates that were poisoning to millions and millions of acres of land and some drinking water. This chemical pollution led to a general distrust of the Green Revolution by environmental groups and negative press. Geopolitical considerations would overpower altruistic intentions of the Green Revolution. The idea â€Å"to create an international agency that would control vast grain reserves for the purpose of responding to emergencies and feeding hungry children† was shot down because it would â€Å"reduce opportunities for the world’s agricultural powers to use their homegrown food aid as a tool for furthering their own diplomatic aims† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 23). Ironically, the food revolution had empowered nations enough to the extent of elevating countries’ abilities for political and economic agendas. Another disappointment of the Green Revolution was the failed momentum. Public consciousness no longer had a strong grip; the â€Å"Malthusian Optimism† had befallen upon developed countries. The new crop surpluses and thus, low grain prices â€Å"created a false sense of accomplishment and security in the rich world† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 24). Financial institutions, religious affiliated and nonreligious charity organizations slowly turned away, and aid agencies shifted attention to other social programs. Trends and use of agricultural subsidies have affected food security in developed and developing states more generally. The Green Revolution indirectly started overwhelming Government subsidies for exports, thereby instigating competition between developing countries. Between 1975 and 1985, the Green Revolution helped old U. S. customers such as Mexico and India to become less dependent on the west for grain. In order to keep domestic prices from depressing U. S. government subsidized exports of surplus wheat overseas. The European Community followed along the same strategy, subsidizing exports of wheat, beef, butter, milk and so on- all in efforts to protect farmers. Big multinational commodities firms took advantage of the subsidies race, playing the U. S. and Europe against each other for the cheapest grain, resulting in a distorted world market. The two arising developments, rich-world subsidies and cheaper commodities harshly impacted farmers in the developing countries who were not aided by their impoverished governments and therefore could not compete with similar levels of subsidies. Sasakawa Africa (Norman Borlaug and his team) and the Ethiopian government pushed for heavy production of crops resulting in surplus harvest through the late 1990s, and then a bumper year of 2001-2001, â€Å"when fields burst with about 13 million tons of grains and cereals† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 72). But this positive outcome was not cultivated or optimized due to a number of factors unpredicted by Government and foreign aid shortsightedness. The government policy of structural adjustment failed the agricultural market in Ethiopia and Africa. Under this new policy, government ended responsibility for market functions (such as buying, transporting, storing, marketing of crops, fertilizer) and left them to a private sector, in expectation that the sectors would pick up these tasks. But rarely did these sectors have the capital and infrastructure to complete such tasks. Roads to ports were appalling, let alone the practically nonexistent ties to foreign buyers- exporting options were dismal. The country’s transportation network still relied on unproductive methods (donkeys), and local markets were undercapitalized to buy and store harvest. This, along with the absence of storage facilities that forced crops to come into the market at the same time caused a nationwide glut of corn and wheat, triggering a free fall in grain prices. Ethiopian farmers suffered as what was reaped was far below what it had cost to sow. Another main effort to mitigate food famines in Ethiopia was a considerable amount of American food aid, but this was also not enough. After the 1894 famine, â€Å"Ethiopia routinely had been the largest annual recipient of emergency food aid†¦. U. S. ood aid was running at more than $250 million a year leading up to 2003† (Thurow and Kilman 2009, 88). The negative reaction to this, however, was the contraction of longer-term aid and projects to develop agriculture. In 2003, U. S. aid was $500 million and $5 million in development projects. It was illogical, food aid partly helped in aiding against the hunger, but never entirely, rather it seemed to be perpetuating it. Ethiopia became a global welf are state, its farmers and people at first feeling shameful and resentful to having willful acceptance that border on righteousness to aid.

Constitutional and Human Rights of The UK Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The main impetus behind devolution was to remove central power from parliament and spread this power regionally. Although devolution has occurred within the UK since 1997 the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty could theoretically result in a successive parliament reversing the devolution process and the transferring of power back to a centralized government. Devolution was first introduced in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland in 1998 with the introduction of the Scotland Act 1998, the Government of Wales Act 1998 and the Northern Ireland Act 1998 setting out the legislative framework of devolution. A Memorandum of Understanding was also issued between the government and the devolved institutions. Devolution has not occurred in a uniform manner, with Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland each having different levels of devolved responsibilities. Notable differences can be seen in the way in which Scotland has a parliament and an executive similar to the Westminster model. This p arliament has the power to pass Acts, whilst the Scottish Executive is able to make secondary legislation in certain areas. By contrast, in Wales, devolved powers have been delegated to the National Assembly for Wales. We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutional and Human Rights of The UK or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Primary legislation is still governed by the UK parliament in Wales, however, the Assembly has the power to make secondary or delegated legislation within its own area. Devolution in Northern Ireland tends to center on the peacemaking process. Although devolution is aimed at the transferring of power to regional assemblies, the powers given to these assemblies has been defined by parliament. Parliament has limited the powers of the assemblies so that assemblies cannot raise taxes, control the armed forces or be allowed to have an input into foreign policy decisions. It has been argued that the retention of the control over the finances of the UK makes a mockery of the principles of devolution since financial control gives parliament a larger amount of power over the regional assemblies.

The Violence Of Black Men And Women - 1436 Words

Yes all lives matter, however, a pattern of black men and women have been murdered by police brutality; therefore, we need to concentrate on preserving Black at this moment. At this very moment, in the United States, there have been destructive riots and peaceful protest from all races but mostly African Americans because we continue to witness our black men and women die from police brutality without justice being served. It is significant that whoever wins the presidential Election will take steps in assuring that all people especially black people are protected by the police and not murdered by them. It is important that this president take steps in assuring that the justice system will began to be just in cases such as the Treyvon Martin, Eric Garner and Sarah Bland. It is important the president ensures that officers are properly trained when it comes to dealing with those who are unarmed for the simple fact that there are other methods to arresting a person that is unarmed wit hout killing them. It is prominent that the President search for other solutions that will decrease the amount of police brutality that is inflicted on African Americans on a day to day basis. Because quite frankly, we are disgusted and angry, and tired of seeing youth die for ridiculous reasons. To begin with, there’s the case of Treyvon Martin a seventeen year old high school student who resided in Florida. In 2012, Martin was visiting his father’s house while walking to his father’s house,Show MoreRelatedBlack Women And Domestic Violence Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesBlack women experience a lot of things in life differently from others, because of their intersectionality of being not only a woman, but also black. 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Furthermore, even though this movement is intended to fight anti-Black racism, it is attempting to focus on the empowerment of black women. A. BLM History The BLMRead MoreRap Music Is Not The Only Type Of American Music Associated With Sex And Violence1508 Words   |  7 PagesRap music is not the only type of American music associated with sex and violence. The history of Rock’s Roll for example, is a good example. The same arrangements, with white people at the top, uplifted an entire American generation on sex and violence in other types of music. Now they are doing the same with rap music (Roberts, 1994). Rappers have thus been forced to abandon the stated goal of their humble beginning to conform to the marketable aspects of their crafts. (Rebollo-Gil Moras, 2012)Read MoreThe Primary Goals Of The South1623 Words   |  7 Pagestraining and job placement of the newly freed men. Not the freedmen as a whole but specifically the freed men. There was no effort or attention given to the more than one million women who too were freed, it is in this action where we find the marginalization of the minority within the minority be gins. In her memoirs, Sophia B Packard, Co-founder of Spelman College, an all-girl historically black college, described the deplorable conditions of black women in the south, stating that many of them wereRead MoreGender And Gender Violence1482 Words   |  6 PagesGender-based violence is the unequal power relationships between men and women. It includes rape, sexual assault and harassment, domestic abuse, and stalking. Gender violence reflects the idea that violence is often used to uphold structural gender inequalities. Gender violence includes all types of violence against men, women, children, gay, lesbian, and transgender people. Gender violence may be experienced differently based on the social variables of race, age, gender, social class or anotherRead MoreAnalysis Of Bell Hooks s We Real Cool : Black Men And Masculinity951 Words   |  4 PagesAs echoed in Bell Hooks’s We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity, the culprit to the Black Lives Matter (â€Å"BLM†) movement is masculine patriarchy which , in turn, reinforces racism and oppression. The general public fails to recognize that BLM stemmed from oppression to black males, not the black community as a whole. Furthermore, even though this movement is intended to fight anti-Black racism, it is focusing on the empowerment of black women. A. BLM History The BLM movement initially emerged in

Biology Form 4 - 1909 Words

Biology Form 4 Chapter 2 – Cell Structure and Organisation Plant Cell  © Amir Fuhaira 2008†20XX. Nak guna boleh, nak copy minta izin. Kalau tak boleh blah. Animal Cell Biology Form 4 Chapter 2 – Cell Structure and Organisation Cell Components – 1. The Nucleus – Cell Prime Minister and Info Storage a. Large, dense, spherical organelle b. Enclosed by double membrane (nuclear membrane) c. Has nucleoplasm, dark sphere (nucleolus) d. Chromatin (uncondensed chromosome) in nucleoplasm e. Chromosomes carry genetic information that determine cell characteristic + function f. Controls all cell activities 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – Highway + Ribosomes – Factory Workers†¦show more content†¦reproduces by binary fission, but produces spores when cannot do binary fission †¢ †¢ †¢  © Amir Fuhaira 2008†20XX. Nak guna boleh, nak copy minta izin. Kalau tak boleh blah. Biology Form 4 Chapter 2 – Cell Structure and Organisation Multicellular †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Cells grow, change shape and differentiate in multicellular organisms. Mature cells carry out different functions, like different medical specialists are experts in their field, like a cardiologist in the heart, the neurologist in the brain, etc. They undergo specialization to carry out their functions more efficiently. Organisation is in this form: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Cells that carry out a function are grouped into tissues. Different tissues that carry out a function are grouped into an organ. Several organs that contribute to one section of anShow MoreRelatedRevision Exercise Form 4 Biology4906 Words   |  20 PagesTick (v) if it is a true statement. Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Cell Organisation 1. The cell is the basic unit of life for all organisms. 2. All cells have the same shape and size. 3. All cells have a plasma membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm. 4. Protoplasm consists of a plasma membrane and nucleus. 5. The nucleus consists of chromosomes and a nucleolus. 6. Organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell include the nucleus, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.Read MoreThe Occupational Characteristics of Microbiology761 Words   |  3 Pages Graduating from The University at Albany’s Biology program provides a wide selection of job opportunities upon leaving college. While students have the option of picking from a B.A. or a B.S., the focus of a B.S. in biology has more scientific purposes. Graduation requirements are difficult, but certainly not impossible, requiring 67-68 credits over 4 years. These credits include 36 biology credits, 16 chemistry credits, 8 math credits and 8 physics credits. 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Case Study Samsung Company

Question: Write about the Case Study for Samsung Company. Answer: Samsungs Marketing Communications Its a strategy used by any organization in business to reach their specific target market through different communication types. This strategy is one of the fundamental and complex parts in the Samsungs efforts of marketing its products. This can include branding, viral marketing, direct marketing, advertising, packaging and many public relation activities that aim at attracting more clientele. Through this communication, Samsung has been able to develop brand awareness. This means that consumers are able to make translation of the information available for any product into different perceptions concerning its position in the larger market as well as the products attributes. Samsung has embraced marketing communication so as to retain its current customers base and attract new ones too (www.letsgodigital.org) This strategy has also assisted in the cementing relationships among customers and the relationship among suppliers. It also defines the business plan for Samsung products information dissemination and brand awareness development just the way it does for other businesses. For example, this strategy was successfully used in the launching of Samsung Galaxy s6 with an aim of increasing the market share of the new product. The company achieved this by establishing a prestigious image that made a good representation of smart phones. It also had to target customer retention and loyalty. Samsungs Brand Image and Consumer Brand Awareness Brand Image When it comes to the reinvention of the brand image, Samsung has done an awesome job. It had previously been perceived as a company that sells cheap products with a habit of copycatting versions of the Japanese technology products. But currently Samsung is a brand that is regarded with high respect to the extent that it can now command premiums for most of its products. Samsung has created an image of being more affordable than apple products but it can still evoke an image where its trendy and this is all thanks to its sleek designs. Its also regarded as a reliable brand which has always kept up with current technology (Sustainability report, 2015). Its brand image also evokes superior technology. This company has been able to induce a simple image that is easy to use despite being fond of constantly coming up with products which are packed with state-of-the-art features. This is evident in its global brand simplicity index which ranked high in the year 2013 placing it position eigh t among other companies. In the past few years Samsung has been able to successfully transform its brand image from a value formoney brand to an innovative leader. This has been achieved through the change of its marketing strategy where its currently focusing more on meeting the customers needs (Triggs, p. 2014). Brand equity framework: Salience in the pyramid is represented by customers identity with the product which is quite good globally. Performance and imagery is represented by the meaning of the product to the clients which is quite reliable since its a durable product. Judgments and feelings are represented by the response of the company to the clients concerns. While resonance is how the company and the clients relate which is good as well. Consumer Brand Awareness Consumer brand awareness for Samsung is not ahigh level compared to some of its competitors. Samsung is a brand that is recognized globally when it comes to consumer electronic brands more so in the mobile space and this is regardless of gender race and even age. Samsung also enjoys top up mind unaided recall in this digital era and its second to apple. In the android space, Samsung ranks top in the android space when it comes to brand awareness. However, Samsung slogan has been difficult to recall among consumers and that has been a downside when it comes to Samsung brand awareness. Consumers still find it hard to recall which Samsung slogan is latest even with aided recall (Sustainability report, p. 2015). Over the years Samsung has also been able to evoke many brand associations with some of its functional brand associations being innovation, smart, quality, durable, stylish, up to date sleek and classy. Some of its emotional brand associations include but not limit. In the brand awareness pyramid in relation to Samsung company: Most consumers are aware of the product and can easily recall and recognize the brand. However, the slogan is not easily recognized. Samsungs Brand Meaning Samsungs brand meaning is gotten from Korean language. The word Samsung itself translates as three stars. The name was originally picked by its founder Lee Byung-chull during the early stages of the companys inception. He had the idea of this company becoming powerful and everlasting sometime in the future just as the stars in the sky. The reason for the three symbol s hidden in the Korean language where three is used as a symbol to represent something that is powerful and big. Samsung has indeed lived to this symbol up to date (Adweek, p. 2014). Current IMC Approach to Brand Enhancement Integrated marketing communication is a strategy that Samsung has used to market most of its products through use of different promotional methods which reinforce each other. The main tools used include direct marketing, internet marketing, personal selling, sales promotion, advertising and public relation events (Tibken, p. 2014). Advertisement: Television advertisement has been used to create brand awareness by Samsunglike while launching Galaxy S5 Samsungtogetherwith its advertising agency they released a new but funny campaign to achieve this launch. The advert presented how exciting the new product was together with its qualities (Morrison and Bergen, p. 2015). Internet marketing: Samsung has embraced the use of Face book and YouTube awareness as well as online banner advertisement to market its products. Recently Samsung has given an ice bucket challenge to companies such as Nokia, HTC and Apple when it comes to the use of Facebook and YouTube promotions. It ranks top among the three. Sales promotion: One strategy that has made Samsung attract a high customer base in terms of sales promotion is the idea of offering bonuses to people who buy their phones they also exchange their old ones so as to receive a value worth their old phones in terms of shopping money. This has made some customers to save up to $ 100 off the normal price through trading in their old phones. Public relations: before Samsung S5 was released it was featured in the Oscar. It captured selfies taken by Ellen DeGeneres. Whether one watched the Oscars or not they were able to access these selfies trending on twitter and they were record breaking because they were clear and having been taken by Samsung S5 this was a good move to market its new brand. The greatest PR is one made through celebrity endorsement and its even better if the celebrity uses the product before millions of people. Direct marketing: Samsung has also achieved this whenlaunching most of its products by putting up campaigns to promote new products. They often have a target audience of ages between 15-50 years and they also do this through emails. Personal selling: In this strategy Samsung manages to sell its products in large numbers. Its electronic corporation often holds different promotional events to attract loyal customers. For example, in one of the Samsung S5 promotional event named Samsung sense academic festival they were able to sell off a good number of their new product. Use of cognitive learning theory: This theory is used to market expensive products in which their customers are able to easily justify the new products using their special features and then be encouraged to buy. Strategies to Restore Brand Image Customer Confidence after Recalling 3 million Devices Globally Recently Samsung recalled over 3 million devices globally after the exploding battery crisis. To restore consumer confidence in purchasing its smart telecommunication devices and brand image Samsung has laid down some strategies which include; (IMC, p. 2015). Partnering closely with most of the local companies present in their key markets in India and china: To achieve this, the company is leveraging all of its local companies around the world so as to develop content that is local and also offer local services. Focusing on software and services Samsung has for a long time led other companies when it comes to having good hard wares in its phones and other products with the best processors and brightest screens but this has not been enough to keep its consumers coming back. Its therefore making a big investment in soft wares through hiring of new and experienced software engineers and starting new and modern operations like Media Solutions Center. Figuring out its end goal: For any business growth to be realized, the low end is what matters the most and its also the place where one experiences a lot of competition. Therefore, strategies should be well laid down to deal with such competition at the end low end. The lower end has to be attached without hurting its brand. Moving faster with less panic: Samsungs pride is in how quickly it can roll out its products. But if not done correctly this may result to having many products in the market with scattershot approach. This may also mean spending a lot of finances on marketing with lower prices and eventually weighing down on profits. References AdWeek (2014) Available at: https://www.adweek.com/news-gallery/technology/samsungs-top-15-media-integrations-over-past-two-years-160686 IMC campaigning samsung galaxy S5, 2015 https://bappi045141.blogspot.co.ke/2015/03/integrated-marketingcommunication-of.html Jimenez, J.I (2013). Samsungs marketing communication. https://prezi.com/v7yyhpc2je5j/samsungs-marketing-communication/ Morrison, M. Bergen, M. (2015) Advertising Age, Available at: https://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/samsung-launches-marketing-blitz-latest-galaxy/297995 Sustainability Report (2015) Samsung Electronics Tibken, S (2014). Five ways samsung can overhaul its ailing smartphone. CNET.htm Accessed 13/4/2017 Triggs, R. (2014) Android Authority, Available at: https://www.androidauthority.com/apple-samsung-ad-budget-2013-366238 www.letsgodigital.org, 2012